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Single-Phase Energy Measurement IC with 8052 MCU, RTC and LCD driver
Preliminary Technical Data
GENERAL FEATURES
Wide supply voltage operation 2.4 to 3.7V Battery supply input with Automatic switch-over Reference 1.2 V 1% (drift 50 ppm/C Maximum) 64-Lead Quad Flat (LQFP) or Chip Scale (LCSP) Lead Free Packages Operating Temperature -40C to 85C
ADE7169F16
MICROPROCESSOR FEATURES
8052 based core Single-cycle 4MIPS 8052 core 8052 compatible instruction set 32.768 kHz external crystal with on-chip PLL Two external interrupt sources External reset pin Real Time Clock Counter for seconds, minutes and hours Automatic battery switchover for RTC back up Ultra-Low Battery Supply Current < 1A Software clock calibration with temperature and offset compensation Integrated LCD driver 104-segment with 2, 3 or 4 Multiplexer 3V/5V driving capability Internally generated LCD drive voltages Temperature and Supply compensated drive voltages Low power battery mode Wake-up from I/O and UART LCD driver capability On-chip peripherals UART, SPI or I2C Watch-Dog timer Power Supply Monitoring with User Selectable Levels Memory: 16kBytes Flash Memory, 512 Bytes RAM Development tools Single pin emulation IDE based assembly and C source debugging
ENERGY MEASUREMENT FEATURES
High accuracy active, reactive energy measurement IC, supports IEC 62053-21, 62053-22, 62053-23 Two differential inputs with PGAs to support Shunt, Current Transformer and di/dt current sensors Selectable Digital integrator to support di/dt current sensor Digital parameters for Gain, offset and phase compensation Selectable No-load threshold level for Watt, VA, and VAR anti-creep Less than 0.1% error on active energy over a dynamic range of 1000 to 1 @ 25C Less than 0.5% error on reactive energy over a dynamic range of 1000 to 1 @ 25C Less than 0.5% error on rms measurements over a dynamic range of 1000 to 1 for current and 100:1 for voltage @ 25C Auto-calibration of offsets High frequency outputs supply proportional to Irms, active, reactive or apparent power Proprietary ADCs and DSP provide high accuracy over large variations in environmental conditions and time Temperature monitoring
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The ADE7169F16 integrates Analog Devices Energy (ADE) Metering IC analog front end and fixed function DSP solution with an enhanced 8052 MCU core, a RTC, an LCD driver and all the peripherals to make an electronic energy meter with LCD display with a single part. The ADE Energy Measurement core includes Active, Reactive, Apparent Energy calculations, as well as voltage and current rms measurements. This information is ready to use for energy billing by using built-in energy scalars. Many power line supervisory features like SAG, Peak, Zero-crossing are also included in the energy measurement DSP to simplify energy meter design. The microprocessor functionality includes a single cycle 8052 core, a Real Time Clock with a power supply back-up pin, a UART, and a SPI or I2C interface. The ready to use information from the ADE core reduces the program memory size requirement thus making it easy to integrate complicated design in 16k Bytes of Flash memory. The ADE7169F16 also includes a 104-segment LCD driver. This driver generates voltages capable of driving 5V LCDs.
Rev. PrD 09/06
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ADE7169F16 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
P0.0 (BCTRL/INT1) P0.1 (FP19) P0.2 (CF1) P0.3 (CF2) P0.4 (MOSI/SDATA) P0.5 (MISO) P0.6 (SCLK/T0) P0.7 (SS/T1) SS SCLK MISO MOSI/SDATA
Preliminary Technical Data
CF1 CF2
T0 T1 T2 T2EX
37
36
39
38
45
11
43
42
41
40
57
43 42
38
39
40
41
39 38
9 10
5
6
7
7 8
8
P1.0 (RxD) P1.1 (TxD) P1.2 (FP25) P1.3 (T2EX/FP24) P1.4 (T2/FP23) P1.5 (FP22) P1.6 (FP21) P1.7 (FP20)
REFIN/OUT
12 13 14 44 19 16 52 53 PGA1 55 49 50 63 54 TEMP SENSOR 58 BATTERY ADC POWER SUPPLY CONTROL & MONITORING TEMP ADC DOWNLOADER DEBUGGER
1-PIN EMULATOR
1.20V REF
IPA IN IPB VP VN DGND AGND
PGA1
ADC ENERGY ADC MEASUREMENT DSP
18 3V/5V LCD CHARGE PUMP 17 15 4
PGA2
ADC
1 35
...
20 14 13 12 11 10 PLL UART TIMER UART SERIAL PORT 9 8 7 RTC OSC 6 5
47 46 48 44 36 37 45
P2.0 (FP18) P2.1 (FP17) P2.2 (FP16) P2.3 (SDEN) LCDVP1 LCDVP2 LCDVA LCDVB LCDVC COM0 ... COM3 FP0 ... FP15 FP16 FP17 FP18 FP19 FP20 FP21 FP22 FP23 FP24 FP25
VBAT
VSW ADC POR LDO LDO
64
60
61
62
59
56
51
XTAL1
XTAL2
VDCIN
VINTD
VINTA
SDEN
VSWOUT
Figure 1. ADE7169F16 Functional Block Diagram
Rev. PrD | Page 2 of 140
RESET
INT0 INT1
VDD
EA
TxD
RxD
....
Preliminary Technical Data TABLE OF CONTENT
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM .............................................2 Table of content .................................................................................3 ADE7169F16--Specifications .........................................................7 Timing Specifications .....................................................................11 Absolute Maximum Ratings ..........................................................18 ESD Caution ................................................................................18 Terminology.....................................................................................19 Measurement Error.....................................................................19 Phase Error between Channels .................................................19 Power Supply Rejection..............................................................19 ADC Offset Error........................................................................19 Gain Error ....................................................................................19 Pin Descriptions ..............................................................................20 SFR Mapping....................................................................................22 Power Management ........................................................................23 Power management register details ..........................................23 Power Supply Architecture ........................................................25 Battery Switchover ......................................................................26 Switching from VDD to VBAT...................................................26 Switching from VBAT to VDD ...................................................26 Power Supply Monitor Interrupt (PSM) ..................................26 Battery Switchover and Power Supply Restored PSM Interrupt ...................................................................................27 VSW Monitor PSM Interrupt ..................................................27 VBAT Monitor PSM Interrupt .................................................27 VDCIN Monitor PSM Interrupt................................................27 SAG Monitor PSM Interrupt.................................................28 Using the power supply features ...............................................28 Operating modes.............................................................................31 PSM0 (Normal mode) ................................................................31 PSM1 (Battery mode) .................................................................31 PSM2 (Sleep mode) ....................................................................31
Rev. PrD | Page 3 of 140
ADE7169F16
3.3V Peripherals and Wakeup Events.......................................32 Transitioning Between Operating Modes................................32 Automatic Battery Switchover (PSM0 to PSM1)................32 Entering Sleep Mode (PSM1 to PSM2)................................33 Servicing Wakeup Events (PSM2 to PSM1) ........................33 Automatic Switch to VDD (PSM2 to PSM0).........................33 Automatic Switch to VDD (PSM1 to PSM0).........................33 Using the power management features ....................................33 Energy Measurement......................................................................34 Access to energy measurement sfr............................................34 Access to internal energy measurement registers...................34 Writing to Internal energy measurement registers ............34 Reading Internal energy measurement registers ...............34 Energy measurement REGISTERS...........................................35 Energy measurement internal registers details.......................37 Analog Inputs ..............................................................................41 Analog to Digital Conversion ...................................................42 Anti-aliasing Filter..................................................................43 ADC Transfer Function .........................................................43 Current Channel ADC...........................................................43 Voltage Channel ADC............................................................44 Channel Sampling...................................................................44 Fault Detection ............................................................................44 Channel selection Indication ................................................44 Fault Indication .......................................................................45 Fault with Active Input Greater than Inactive Input..........45 Fault with Inactive Input Greater than Active Input..........45 Calibration Concerns .............................................................45 di/dt Current Sensor and Digital Integrator............................45 Power quality measurements.....................................................47 Zero-Crossing Detection .......................................................47
ADE7169F16
Zero-Crossing Timeout......................................................... 47 Period Measurement.............................................................. 47 Line Voltage Sag Detection ................................................... 48 Peak Detection........................................................................ 48 Peak Level Record .................................................................. 49 Phase Compensation.................................................................. 49 ADE7169F16 RMS Calculation................................................ 49 Current Channel RMS Calculation...................................... 50 Current channel RMS Offset Compensation ..................... 50 Voltage channel RMS Calculation ....................................... 51 Voltage channel RMS Offset Compensation ...................... 51 Active Power Calculation .......................................................... 51 Active power gain calibration............................................... 52 Active power offset calibration............................................. 52 Active power sign detection.................................................. 52 Active power no-Load detection.......................................... 52 Active Energy Calculation .................................................... 53 Integration time under steady Load .................................... 54 Active energy accumulation modes..................................... 54 Active energy Pulse output ................................................... 55 Line cycle active energy accumulation mode..................... 55 Reactive Power Calculation ...................................................... 56 Reactive power gain calibration ........................................... 57 Reactive power offset calibration ......................................... 57 Sign of Reactive Power Calculation ..................................... 57 Reactive power sign detection .............................................. 57 Reactive power no-Load detection ...................................... 58 Reactive Energy Calculation................................................. 58 Integration time under steady Load .................................... 59 Reactive energy accumulation modes ................................. 59 Reactive energy Pulse output................................................ 60 Line cycle reactive energy accumulation mode ................. 60 Apparent Power Calculation..................................................... 60
Preliminary Technical Data
Apparent Power Offset Calibration ..................................... 61 Apparent Energy Calculation ............................................... 61 Integration Times under Steady Load................................. 62 Apparent energy Pulse output .............................................. 62 Line Apparent Energy Accumulation.................................. 62 Apparent power no-Load detection .................................... 63 Energy-to-Frequency Conversion............................................ 63 Pulse output configuration ................................................... 63 Pulse output characteristic.................................................... 64 Energy register scaling............................................................... 64 Energy measurement interrupts............................................... 64 Temperature, Battery and Supply Voltage Measurements ........ 66 Temperature measurement ....................................................... 68 Single Temperature Measurement ....................................... 68 Background Temperature Measurements........................... 68 Temperature ADC in PSM1 and PSM2 .............................. 68 Temperature ADC interrupt................................................. 69 Battery measurement ................................................................. 69 Single Battery Measurement................................................. 69 Background Battery measurements..................................... 69 Battery ADC in PSM1 and PSM2 ........................................ 69 Battery ADC interrupt .......................................................... 69 Supply Voltage Measurement ................................................... 69 Single Supply voltage Measurement .................................... 70 Background Supply Voltage Measurements ....................... 70 Supply voltage ADC in PSM1 and PSM2 ........................... 70 Supply voltage ADC interrupt.............................................. 70 8052 MCU CORE Architecture.................................................... 71 MCU registers............................................................................. 71 Basic 8052 Registers ................................................................... 72 Standard 8052 SFRs.................................................................... 73 Memory Overview ..................................................................... 74 Addressing Modes...................................................................... 75
Rev. PrD | Page 4 of 140
Preliminary Technical Data
Instruction set..............................................................................76 Read-Modify-Write Instructions ..............................................79 Instructions that Affect Flags ....................................................79 Interrupt System ..............................................................................82 Standard 8051 Interrupt Architecture......................................82 ADE7169F16 Interrupt Architecture .......................................82 Interrupt SFR register list...........................................................82 Interrupt Priority.........................................................................84 Interrupt Flags .............................................................................84 Interrupt Vectors .........................................................................87 Watch DOG Functionality.........................................................87 Watchdog Timer Interrupt ....................................................87 Context Saving.............................................................................87 LCD Driver ......................................................................................88 LCD SFR Register list .................................................................88 LCD Setup ....................................................................................92 LCD Timing and Waveforms ....................................................92 BLINK mode................................................................................93 Software Controlled Blink Mode ..........................................93 Automatic Blink Mode ...........................................................93 Display Element Control............................................................93 Writing to LCD Data registers ..............................................93 Reading LCD Data registers ..................................................93 Voltage generation.......................................................................93 Power Consumption...............................................................94 Contrast control ......................................................................94 Lifetime Performance.............................................................94 LCD External Circuitry..............................................................94 LCD Function in PSM2..............................................................94 Example LCD Setup....................................................................95 Flash memory ..................................................................................96 Flash memory Overview............................................................96 Flash/EE Memory Reliability ................................................96
ADE7169F16
Flash memory organization.......................................................96 Using the Flash Memory............................................................97 ECON--Flash/EE Memory Control SFR ............................97 Flash functions ......................................................................100 Protecting the Flash..............................................................100 Flash memory timing ...........................................................102 In circuit programming............................................................102 Serial Downloading ..............................................................102 Timers.............................................................................................103 Timer sfr register list ................................................................103 Timer 0 and Timer 1.................................................................106 Timer/Counter 0 and 1 Data Registers ..............................106 Timer/Counter 0 and 1 Operating Modes ........................106 Timer 2 .......................................................................................107 Timer/Counter 2 Data Registers.........................................107 Timer/Counter 2 Operating Modes ...................................107 PLL ..................................................................................................109 PLL SFR register list..................................................................109 RTC - Real Time Clock ................................................................111 RTC SFR register list.................................................................111 Read and Write operations ......................................................114 Writing the RTC Registers...................................................114 Reading the RTC Counter SFRs .........................................114 RTC Modes ................................................................................114 RTC Interrupts ..........................................................................114 Interval Timer Alarm ...........................................................114 RTC CalibrationRTC................................................................114 UART serial interface ...................................................................116 UART SFR register list..............................................................116 UART operation modes ...........................................................119 Mode 0 (Shift Register with baud rate fixed at Fcore /12) .................................................................................................119 Mode 1 (8-Bit UART, Variable Baud Rate)........................119
Rev. PrD | Page 5 of 140
ADE7169F16
Mode 2 (9- bit UART with baud fixed at Fcore/64 or Fcore/32) ................................................................................................. 119 Mode 3 (9-Bit UART with Variable Baud Rate)............... 120 UART Baud Rate Generation.................................................. 120 Mode 0 Baud Rate Generation ........................................... 120 Mode 2 Baud Rate Generation ........................................... 120 Modes 1 and 3 Baud Rate Generation ............................... 120 Timer 1 Generated Baud Rates........................................... 120 Timer 2 Generated Baud Rates........................................... 120 UART Timer Generated Baud Rates.................................. 121 UART additional features........................................................ 122 Enhanced Error Checking................................................... 122 UART TxD signal modulation ........................................... 122 Serial Peripheral Interface Interface (SPI)................................. 123 SPI SFR register list .................................................................. 123 SPI pins ...................................................................................... 126 MISO (Master In, Slave Out Data I/O Pin) ...................... 126 MOSI (Master Out, Slave In Pin)....................................... 126 SCLK (Serial Clock I/O Pin)............................................... 126 SS (Slave Select Pin) ............................................................. 126
Preliminary Technical Data
SPI Master Operating Modes.................................................. 126 SPI Interrupt and Status Flags ................................................ 127 I2C COMPATIBLE INTERFACE ............................................... 129 Serial Clock Generation .......................................................... 129 Slave addresses.......................................................................... 129 I2C SFR register list.................................................................. 129 Read and Write Operations .................................................... 130 I2C Receive and Transmit FIFOs ........................................... 131 Dual Data Pointers ....................................................................... 132 I/O Ports ........................................................................................ 134 Parallel I/O ................................................................................ 134 Weak Internal Pullups Enabled.......................................... 134 Open Drain (Weak Internal Pullups Disabled) ............... 134 38 kHz Modulation .............................................................. 134 I/O SFR register list.................................................................. 135 Port 0.......................................................................................... 137 Port 1.......................................................................................... 138 Port 2.......................................................................................... 138 Outline Dimensions ..................................................................... 139 Ordering Guide............................................................................. 140
Rev. PrD | Page 6 of 140
Preliminary Technical Data ADE7169F16--SPECIFICATIONS
ADE7169F16
Table 1. (VDD = 3.3 V 5%, AGND = DGND = 0 V, On-Chip Reference, XTAL = 32.768kHz, TMIN to TMAX = -40C to +85C)
Parameter ENERGY METERING MEASUREMENT ACCURACY1 Phase Error between Channels (PF = 0.8 Capacitive) (PF = 0.5 Inductive) Active Energy Measurement Error2 AC Power Supply Rejection2 Output Frequency Variation DC Power Supply Rejection2 Output Frequency Variation Active Energy Measurement Bandwidth1, 2 Reactive Energy Measurement Error2 VRMS Measurement Error2 VRMS Measurement Bandwidth1, 2 IRMS Measurement Error2 IRMS Measurement Bandwidth1, 2 ANALOG INPUTS Maximum Signal Levels Input Impedance (DC) Bandwidth (-3 dB)1 ADC Offset Error2 Gain Error2 Current channel Range = 0.5 V Full scale Range = 0.25 V Full scale Range = 0.125 V Full scale Voltage channel Gain Error Match2 CF1 and CF2 pulse output Maximum output frequency Duty cycle Active High pulse width FAULT Detection Fault Detection Threshold Inactive Input <> Active Input Input Swap Threshold Inactive Input <> Active Input Accuracy Fault Mode Operation IA Active, IB = AGND IB Active, IA = AGND Fault Detection Delay Swap Delay ANALOG PERIPHERALS Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments
0.05 0.05 0.1
% of reading % % kHz % of reading % of reading kHz % of reading kHz 500 mV peak k kHz mV
Phase lead 37 Phase lag 60 Over a dynamic range of 1000 to 1 @25C VDD = 3.3 V + 100 mV rms/120 Hz IP = VP = 100 mV rms VDD = 3.3 V 117 mV dc IP = VP = 100 mV rms Over a dynamic range of 1000 to 1 @25C Over a dynamic range of 100 to 1 @25C
0.01 0.01 14 0.5 0.5 14 0.5 14
Over a dynamic range of 1000 to 1 @25C
VP - VN, IA - IN and IB - IN Differential input
TBD 14 1
4 4 4 4 3 21.1 50 90
% % % % % kHz % ms
Current channel = 0.5V dc Current channel = 0.25V dc Current channel = 0.125V dc Voltage channel = 0.5V dc
VP-VN = IAP-IN=500mV peak sine wave If CF1 or CF2 frequency > 5.55Hz If CF1 or CF2 frequency < 5.55Hz
6.25
%, of larger % of larger % of reading % of reading Seconds Seconds
IA or IB active
6.25
IA or IB active
0.1 0.1 3 3
Over a dynamic range of 500 to 1 Over a dynamic range of 500 to 1
Rev. PrD | Page 7 of 140
ADE7169F16
Parameter Internal ADCs (Battery, Temperature, VDD) Power supply operating range No missing codes1 AC Power Supply Rejection DC Power Supply Rejection Integral Linearity Error Differential Linearity Error Conversion Delay4 Temperature sensor accuracy VDCIN ANALOG INPUT Maximum Signal Levels Input Impedance (DC) Low VDCIN detection threshold Power-On Reset (POR) VDD POR Voltage operating range Detection threshold POR active Time-out period Strobe period in Battery operation VSWOUT POR Voltage operating range (VSWOUT) Detection threshold POR active Time-out period VINTA and VINTD POR Voltage operating range (VSWOUT) Detection threshold POR active Time-out period BATTERY SWITCH OVER Voltage operating range (VSWOUT) VDD VBAT switching threshold (VSWOUT) VDD VBAT switching delay VBAT VDD switching threshold (VDD) VBAT VDD switching delay VSWOUT to VBAT leakage current LCD - Charge pump active LCDVP1 - LCDVP2 charge pump capacitance LCDVA, LCDVB, LCDVC decoupling capacitance LCDVA LCDVB LCDVB LCDVC LCD stand-by current V1 Segment line voltage V2 Segment line voltage V3 Segment line voltage DC voltage across Segment and COM pin LCD - Resistor ladder active Min 2.2 8 TBD TBD -1 -1 1 -1 -4 0 1.08 1 1.2 1 4 VSWOUT 1.32 1 1 Typ Max 3.7 Unit V bits dB dB LSB3 LSB ms C C V M V
Preliminary Technical Data
Test Conditions/Comments Measured on VSWOUT
at 25C between -40C and 85C
1 1.6 TBD TBD
3.7 2.9
V V ms Ms
1 1.8 TBD 1 2.25 TBD 2.4 2.75 TBD 2.75 TBD
3.7 2.2
V V ms V V ms V V ms V ms nA nF nF
3.7 2.4
3.7 TBD TBD 1
200 470 0 0 0 0 100 LCDVA-0.1 LCDVA LCDVB-0.1 LCDVB LCDVC-0.1 LCDVC 50 1.7 4.0 3.4 5.1
V V V V nA V V V mV
1/2 bias modes 1/3 bias modes 1/3 bias mode 1/2 and 1/3 bias modes Current on segment line = -2A Current on segment line = -2A Current on segment line = -2A LCDVC-LCDVB, LCDVC-LCDVA or LCDVBLCDVA
Rev. PrD | Page 8 of 140
Preliminary Technical Data
Parameter Leakage current V1 Segment line voltage V2 Segment line voltage V3 Segment line voltage ON-CHIP REFERENCE Reference Error Power supply rejection Temperature Coefficient DIGITAL INTERFACE LOGIC INPUTS All inputs except XTAL1, XTAL2, BCTRL, INT0, INT1, RESET Input High Voltage, VINH Input Low Voltage, VINL BCTRL, INT0, INT1, RESET Input High Voltage, VINH Input Low Voltage, VINL Input currents RESET Port 0, 1 , 2 Min Typ Max 20 LCDVA LCDVB LCDVC 12 80 50 Unit nA V V V mV dB ppm/C
ADE7169F16
Test Conditions/Comments 1/2 and 1/3 bias modes - No load Current on segment line = -2A Current on segment line = -2A Current on segment line = -2A
LCDVA-0.1V LCDVB-0.1V LCDVC-0.1V
2.0 0.4 1.3 0.4 10 100 10 -250 -50
V V V V A A A A A pF RESET = 0V RESET = VSWOUT = 3.3V Internal pull-up disabled, input - 0V or VOUT Internal pull-up enabled, input = 2V, VSWOUT=3.3V Internal pull-up enabled, input = 0.4V, VSWOUT=3.3V All digital input
Input capacitance CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR Crystal Equivalent Series Resistance Crystal frequency XTAL1 Input Capacitance XTAL2 Output Capacitance MCU CLOCK RATE - Fcore LOGIC OUTPUTS Output High Voltage, VOH ISOURCE Output Low Voltage, VOL ISINK Floating state Leakage current Floating state Output Capacitance STARTUP TIME5 At Power-On From Power Saving Mode 2 (PSM2) From Power Saving Mode 1 (PSM1) POWER SUPPLY INPUTS VDD VBAT POWER SUPPLY OUTPUTS VBAT to VSWOUT ON-Resistance VDD to VSWOUT ON-Resistance VSWOUT output current drive VINTA, VINTD
10 30 32 50 33.5
32.768 12 12 4.096 32
k kHz pF pF MHz kHz V A V mA A pF ms s s
Crystal = 32.768kHz and CD[2:0]=0 Crystal = 32.768kHz and CD[2:0]=0b111 VDD = 3.3 V 5% VDD = 3.3 V 5%
2.4 80 0.4 2 10 TBD TBD TBD TBD 3.0 2.4 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.7 25 6.1 1 2.75
Rev. PrD | Page 9 of 140
V V mA V VBAT = 2.4V VDD = 3V
2.25
ADE7169F16
Parameter VINTA power supply rejection VINTD power supply rejection POWER SUPPLY CURRENTS Current in Normal Mode (PSM0) Current in Normal Mode (PSM0) Current in PSM1 with VINTA disabled Current in PSM2 Min Typ 80 60 3.5 2.1 880 1.5 Max Unit dB dB mA mA A A
Preliminary Technical Data
Test Conditions/Comments
Fcore = 4.096 MHz Fcore = 1.024 MHz Fcore = 1.024 MHz
1 2
These numbers are not production tested but are guaranteed by design and/or characterization data on production release See Terminology section for explanation of specifications. 3 LSB means Least Significant Bit 4 Delay between ADC conversion request and interrupt set 5 Delay between power supply valid and execution of first instruction by 8052 core
Rev. PrD | Page 10 of 140
Preliminary Technical Data TIMING SPECIFICATIONS
ADE7169F16
AC inputs during testing are driven at VSWOUT - 0.5 V for Logic 1 and 0.45 V for Logic 0. Timing measurements are made at VIH min for Logic 1 and VIL max for Logic 0 as shown in Figure 2. For timing purposes, a port pin is no longer floating when a 100 mV change from load voltage occurs. A port pin begins to float when a 100 mV change from the loaded VOH/VOL level occurs as shown in Figure 2. CLOAD for all outputs = 80 pF, unless otherwise noted. VDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V; all specifications TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted.
Table 2. CLOCK INPUT (External Clock Driven XTAL1) Parameter
Min tCK tCKL tCKH tCKR tCKF 1/tCORE XTAL1 Period XTAL1 Width Low XTAL1 Width High XTAL1 Rise Time XTAL1 Fall Time Core Clock Frequency1 32.768 kHz External Crystal Typ Max 30.52 6.26 6.26 9 9 TBD 4.096 Unit s s s ns ns MHz
TBD
1
ADE7129F16 internal PLL locks onto a multiple (512 times) of the 32.768 kHz external crystal frequency to provide a stable 12.58 MHz internal clock for the system. The core can operate at this frequency or at a binary submultiple called Core_Clk, selected via the PLLCON SFR.
DVDD - 0.5V
VLOAD VLOAD + 0.1V
VLOAD VLOAD - 0.1V
0.45V
Figure 2. Timing Waveform Characteristics
Rev. PrD | Page 11 of 140
04741-0-077
0.2DVDD + 0.9V TEST POINTS 0.2DVDD - 0.1V
VLOAD - 0.1V
TIMING REFERENCE POINTS
VLOAD - 0.1V
ADE7169F16
Table 3. I2C COMPATIBLE INTERFACE TIMING Parameter
Parameter tL tH tSHD tDSU tDHD tRSU tPSU tBUF tR tF tSUP1
1
Preliminary Technical Data
SCLOCK Low Pulse Width SCLOCK High Pulse Width Start Condition Hold Time Data Setup Time Data Hold Time Setup Time for Repeated Start Stop Condition Setup Time Bus Free Time between a Stop Condition and a Start Condition Rise Time of Both SCLOCK and SDATA Fall Time of Both SCLOCK and SDATA Pulse Width of Spike Suppressed
Min 1.95 1.95 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
Max
TBD
300 300 50
Unit s s s s s s s s ns ns ns
____________________________________________
Input filtering on both the SCLOCK and SDATA inputs suppresses noise spikes less than 50 ns.
tBUF
SDATA (I/O)
tSUP
MSB LSB ACK
tR
MSB
tDSU tPSU
SCLK (I)
PS STOP START CONDITION CONDITION
tDHD tSHD
1 2-7 8
tDSU tH
9
tDHD tRSU
tF tR
1
S(R) REPEATED START
tF
Figure 3. I2C Compatible Interface Timing
Rev. PrD | Page 12 of 140
04741-0-080
tL
tSUP
Preliminary Technical Data
Table 4. SPI MASTER MODE TIMING (CPHA = 1) Parameter
Min 977 977 TBD TBD 10 10 10 10 Typ
ADE7169F16
Max
tSL tSH tDAV tDSU tDHD tDF tDR tSR tSF
1
SCLOCK Low Pulse Width1 SCLOCK High Pulse Width1 Data Output Valid after SCLOCK Edge Data Input Setup Time before SCLOCK Edge Data Input Hold Time after SCLOCK Edge Data Output Fall Time Data Output Rise Time SCLOCK Rise Time SCLOCK Fall Time
TBD
25 25 25 25
Unit ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
____________________________________________
Characterized under the following conditions: a. Core clock divider bits CD2, CD1, and CD0 in POWCON SFR set to 0, 0, and 0, respectively, that is, core clock frequency = 4.096/8 MHz. b. SPI bit-rate selection bits SPIR1 and SPR0 in SPI2CMOD SFR set to 0 and 0, respectively.
SCLOCK (CPOL = 0) SCLOCK (CPOL = 1)
tSH
tSL tSR tSF
tDAV
MOSI MSB
tDF
tDR
BITS 6-1 LSB
MISO
MSB IN
BITS 6-1
LSB IN
04741-0-081
tDSU
tDHD
Figure 4. SPI Master Mode Timing (CPHA = 1)
Rev. PrD | Page 13 of 140
ADE7169F16
Table 5. SPI MASTER MODE TIMING (CPHA = 0) Parameter
Preliminary Technical Data
tSL tSH tDAV tDOSU tDSU tDHD tDF tDR tSR tSF
1
SCLOCK Low Pulse Width1 SCLOCK High Pulse Width1 Data Output Valid after SCLOCK Edge Data Output Setup before SCLOCK Edge Data Input Setup Time before SCLOCK Edge Data Input Hold Time after SCLOCK Edge Data Output Fall Time Data Output Rise Time SCLOCK Rise Time SCLOCK Fall Time
Min 977 977
Typ
Max
TBD TBD TBD TBD 10 10 10 10 25 25 25 25
Unit ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
Characterized under the following conditions: a. Core clock divider bits CD2, CD1, and CD0 in POWCON SFR set to 0, 0, and 0, respectively, that is, core clock frequency = 4.096/8 MHz. b. SPI bit-rate selection bits SPIR1 and SPR0 in SPI2CMOD SFR set to 0 and 0, respectively.
SCLOCK (CPOL = 0) SCLOCK (CPOL = 1)
tSH
tSL tSR tSF
tDAV tDOSU
MOSI MSB BITS 6-1 LSB
tDF
tDR
MISO
MSB IN
BITS 6-1
LSB IN
04741-0-082
tDSU
tDHD
Figure 5. SPI Master Mode Timing (CPHA = 0)
Rev. PrD | Page 14 of 140
Preliminary Technical Data
Table 6. SPI SLAVE MODE TIMING (CPHA = 1) Parameter
Min 0 977 977 TBD TBD 10 10 10 10 TBD 0
1
ADE7169F16
Typ
Max
tSS tSL tSH tDAV tDSU tDHD tDF tDR tSR tSF tDIS tSFS
SS to SCLOCK Edge SCLOCK Low Pulse Width SCLOCK High Pulse Width Data Output Valid after SCLOCK Edge Data Input Setup Time before SCLOCK Edge Data Input Hold Time after SCLOCK Edge Data Output Fall Time Data Output Rise Time SCLOCK Rise Time SCLOCK Fall Time MISO disable after SS rising edge SS High after SCLOCK Edge
TBD
25 25 25 25
Unit ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
SS
tSS
SCLOCK (CPOL = 0)
tSFS
tSH
SCLOCK (CPOL = 1)
tSL
tSR
tSF
tDIS tDAV
MISO MSB
tDF
tDR
BITS 6-1 LSB
MOSI
MSB IN
BITS 6-1
LSB IN
tDSU
tDHD
Figure 6. SPI Slave Mode Timing (CPHA = 1)
Rev. PrD | Page 15 of 140
ADE7169F16
Table 7. SPI SLAVE MODE TIMING (CPHA = 0) Parameter
Preliminary Technical Data
tSS tSL tSH tDAV tDSU tDHD tDF tDR tSR tSF tDOSS tDIS tSFS
SS to SCLOCK Edge SCLOCK Low Pulse Width SCLOCK High Pulse Width Data Output Valid after SCLOCK Edge Data Input Setup Time before SCLOCK Edge Data Input Hold Time after SCLOCK Edge Data Output Fall Time Data Output Rise Time SCLOCK Rise Time SCLOCK Fall Time Data Output Valid after SS Edge MISO disable after SS rising edge SS High after SCLOCK Edge
Min 0 977 977 TBD TBD
Typ
Max
TBD
10 10 10 10 TBD 0
25 25 25 25 20
Unit ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
SS
tSS
SCLOCK (CPOL = 0)
tSFS
tSH
SCLOCK (CPOL = 1)
tSL tSR tSF
tDAV tDOSS tDF
MISO MSB
tDR
BITS 6-1 LSB
tDIS
MOSI
MSB IN
BITS 6-1
LSB IN
tDSU
tDHD
Figure 7. SPI Slave Mode Timing (CPHA = 0)
Rev. PrD | Page 16 of 140
Preliminary Technical Data
Table 8. UART Timing (Shift Register Mode) Parameter
4.09612.58 MHz Core_Clk Min Typ Max 2.93 TBD TBD TBD TBD Min
ADE7169F16
Variable Core_Clk Typ Max 12tcore
Unit s s s s s
TXLXL TQVXH TDVXH TXHDX TXHQX
Serial Port Clock Cycle Time Output Data Setup to Clock Input Data Setup to Clock Input Data Hold after Clock Output Data Hold after Clock
tXLXL
TxD (OUTPUT CLOCK)
tQVXH tXHQX
RxD (OUTPUT DATA) LSB BIT 1 BIT 6
SET RI OR SET TI
tDVXH
RxD (INPUT DATA) LSB BIT 1
tXHDX
BIT 6 MSB
04741-0-086
Figure 8. UART Timing in Shift Register Mode
CS
t1
SCLK
t13 t9 t10
DIN
0
0
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
t11
DOUT COMMAND BYTE DB7
t11
DB0 DB7
t12
DB0
MOST SIGNIFICANT BYTE
LEAST SIGNIFICANT BYTE
02875-0-083
Rev. PrD | Page 17 of 140
ADE7169F16 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
TA = 25C, unless otherwise noted. Table 9.
Parameter VDD to DGND VBAT to DGND VDCIN to DGND Input LCD voltage to AGND LCDVA, LCDVB, LCDVC1 Analog Input Voltage to AGND VP, VN, IAP, IBPN and IN Digital Input Voltage to DGND Digital Output Voltage to DGND Operating Temperature Range Industrial Storage Temperature Range Junction Temperature 64-Lead LQFP, Power Dissipation JA Thermal Impedance Lead Temperature, Soldering Vapor Phase (TBD sec) Infrared (TBD sec) 64-Lead CSP, Power Dissipation JA Thermal Impedance Lead Temperature, Soldering Vapor Phase (TBD sec) Infrared (TBD sec) Rating -0.3 V to +3.7 V -0.3 V to +3.7 V -0.3 V to VSWOUT + 0.3 V -0.3 V to VSWOUT + 0.3 V -2 V to +2 V -0.3 V to VSWOUT + 0.3 V -0.3 V to VSWOUT + 0.3 V -40C to +85C -65C to +150C TBDC TBD TBDC/W TBDC TBDC TBD TBDC/W TBDC TBDC
Preliminary Technical Data
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
1
When used with external resistor divider
ESD CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although this product features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
Rev. PrD | Page 18 of 140
Preliminary Technical Data TERMINOLOGY
MEASUREMENT ERROR
The error associated with the energy measurement made by the ADE7169F16 is defined by the following formula:
Energy Re gister - True Energy x 100% Percentage Error = True Energy
ADE7169F16
PHASE ERROR BETWEEN CHANNELS
The digital integrator and the high-pass filter (HPF) in the current channel have a non-ideal phase response. To offset this phase response and equalize the phase response between channels, two phase-correction networks are placed in the current channel: one for the digital integrator and the other for the HPF. The phase correction networks correct the phase response of the corresponding component and ensure a phase match between current channel and voltage channel to within 0.1 over a range of 45 Hz to 65 Hz with the digital integrator off. With the digital integrator on, the phase is corrected to within 0.4 over a range of 45 Hz to 65 Hz.
POWER SUPPLY REJECTION
This quantifies the ADE7169F16 measurement error as a percentage of reading when the power supplies are varied. For the ac PSR measurement, a reading at nominal supplies (3.3 V) is taken. A second reading is obtained with the same input signal levels when an ac (100 mV rms/120 Hz) signal is introduced onto the supplies. Any error introduced by this ac signal is expressed as a percentage of reading--see the Measurement Error definition. For the dc PSR measurement, a reading at nominal supplies (3.3 V) is taken. A second reading is obtained with the same input signal levels when the supplies are varied 5%. Any error introduced is again expressed as a percentage of the reading.
ADC OFFSET ERROR
The dc offset associated with the analog inputs to the ADCs. It means that with the analog inputs connected to AGND, the ADCs still see a dc analog input signal. The magnitude of the offset depends on the gain and input range selection--see the Typical Performance Characteristics section. However, when HPF1 is switched on, the offset is removed from the current channel and the power calculation is not affected by this offset. The offsets can be removed by performing an offset calibration--see the Analog Inputs section.
GAIN ERROR
The difference between the measured ADC output code (minus the offset) and the ideal output code--see the Current Channel ADC and Voltage Channel ADC sections. It is measured for each of the input ranges on the current channel (0.5 V, 0.25 V, and 0.125 V). The difference is expressed as a percentage of the ideal code.
Rev. PrD | Page 19 of 140
ADE7169F16 PIN DESCRIPTIONS
Table 10. Pin Function Descriptions Pin No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17, 18 19 35-20 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44
Preliminary Technical Data
Mnemonic
COM3/ FP27 COM2/ FP28 COM1 COM0 P1.2/FP25 P1.3/T2EX/FP24 P1.4/T2/FP23 P1.5/FP22 P1.6/FP21 P1.7/FP20 P0.1/FP19 P2.0/FP18 P2.1/FP17 P2.2/FP16 LCDVC LCDVP2 LCDVB, LCDVA LCDVP1 FP0-15 P1.1/TxD P1.0/RxD P0.7 /SS/T1 P0.6/SCLK/T0 P0.5/MISO P0.4/MOSI/SDATA P0.3/CF2 P0.2/CF1 SDEN/P2.3
Description
Common output, COM3 is used for LCD backplane / LCD segment outputs 27 Common output, COM2 is used for LCD backplane / LCD segment outputs 28 Common output, COM1 is used for LCD backplanes Common output, COM0 is used for LCD backplanes General-purpose digital I/O / LCD segment outputs 25 General-purpose digital I/O / Timer 2 control input / LCD segment outputs 24 General-purpose digital I/O / Timer 2 input / LCD segment outputs 23 General-purpose digital I/O / LCD segment outputs 22 General-purpose digital I/O / LCD segment outputs 21 General-purpose digital I/O / LCD segment outputs 20 General-purpose digital I/O / LCD segment outputs 19 General-purpose digital I/O / LCD segment outputs 18 General-purpose digital I/O / LCD segment outputs 17 General-purpose digital I/O / LCD segment outputs 16 Output port for LCD levels. This pin should be decoupled with a 470nF capacitor. This pin is an analog output. A capacitor of 470nF should be connected between this pin and LCDVP1 for internal LCD charge pump device. Output ports for LCD levels. These pins should be decoupled with a 470nF capacitor. This pin is an analog output. A capacitor of 470nF should be connected between this pin and LCDVP2for internal LCD charge pump device. LCD segment outputs 0-15 General-purpose digital I/O / Transmitter Data Output 1 (Asynchronous) General-purpose digital I/O / Receiver Data Input 1 (Asynchronous) General-purpose digital I/O / Slave select when SPI is in Slave mode / Timer 1 input General-purpose digital I/O / Clock output for I2C or SPI port / Timer 0 input General-purpose digital I/O / Data In for SPI port General-purpose digital I/O / Data Line I2C compatible or Data Out for SPI port General-purpose digital I/O / Calibration Frequency Logic Output. The CF2 logic output gives instantaneous active, reactive or apparent power information. General-purpose digital I/O / Calibration Frequency Logic Output. The CF1 logic output gives instantaneous active, reactive or apparent power information. This pin is used to enable serial download mode when pulled low through a resistor on power-up or reset. On reset this pin will momentarily become an input and the status of the pin is sampled. If there is no pulldown resistor in place, the pin will go momentarilly high and then user code will execute. If a pull-down resistor is in place, the embedded serial download/debug kernel will execute and this pin remains low during internal program execution. This pin can also be used as a general purpose output. Digital Input for Battery control. This logic input connects VDD or VBAT to VSW internally when set to logic High or Low respectively. When left open, the connection between VDD or VBAT to VSW is selected internally / External Interrupt input / General-purpose digital I/O A crystal can be connected across this pin andXTAL1 as described above to provide a clock source for the ADE7169F16.The XTAL2 pin can drive one CMOS load when an external clock is supplied at XTAL1 or by the gate oscillator circuit. An external clock can be provided at this logic input. Alternatively, a parallel resonant AT crystal can be connected across XTAL1 and XTAL2 to provide a clock source for the ADE7169F16.The clock frequency for specified operation is 32.768 kHz. General-purpose digital I/O / Interrupt input Analog Inputs for Voltage Channel. These inputs are fully differential voltage inputs with a maximum differential level of 500mV for specified operation. This channel also has an internal PGA.
45
BCTRL/INT1/ P0.0
46
XTAL2
47
XTAL1
48 49, 50
INT0 VP, VN
Rev. PrD | Page 20 of 140
Preliminary Technical Data
Pin No.
51
ADE7169F16
Mnemonic
EA
Description
This pin is used as an input for emulation. When held high, this input enables the device to fetch code from internal program memory locations.The ADE7169F16 does not support external code memory. This pin should not be left floating. Analog Inputs for Current Channel. These inputs are fully differential voltage inputs with a maximum differential level of 500mV for specified operation. This channel also has an internal PGA. This pin provides the ground reference for the analog circuitry Analog Inputs for second Current Channel. This input is fully differential with a maximum differential level of 500mVrefered to IN for specified operation. This channel also has an internal PGA. Reset input, Active low This pin provides access to the on-chip voltage reference. The on-chip reference has a nominal value of 1.2 V 8% and a typical temperature coefficient of 50 ppm/C maximum 3.3V Power supply input from Battery. This pin is connected internally to VDD when the Battery is selected as the power supply for the ADE7169F16. This pin provides access to the on-chip 2.5V analog LDO. No external active circuitry should be connected to this pin. This pin should be decoupled with a 10F capacitor in parallel with a ceramic 100nF capacitor. 3.3V Power supply input from regulator. This pin is connected internally to VDD when the regulator is selected as the power supply for the ADE7169F16. This pin should be decoupled with a 10F capacitor in parallel with a ceramic 100nF capacitor. 3.3V Power supply output from ADE7169F16. This pin provides the supply voltage for the LDOs and internal cicuitry of the ADE7169F16. This pin should be decoupled with a 10F capacitor in parallel with a ceramic 100nF capacitor. This pin provides access to the on-chip 2.5V digital LDO. No external active circuitry should be connected to this pin. This pin should be decoupled with a 10F capacitor in parallel with a ceramic 100nF capacitor. This pin provides the ground reference for the digital circuitry Analog input for dc voltage monitoring. The maximum input voltage on this pin is xxxmV with respect to AGND. This pin is used to monitor the pre-regulated dc voltage.
52, 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
IP, IN AGND IPB RESET REFIN/OUT VBAT VINTA
60
VDD
61
VSWOUT
62
VINTD
63 64
DGND VDCIN
Rev. PrD | Page 21 of 140
ADE7169F16 SFR MAPPING
IPSMF
xF8 Table 13
Preliminary Technical Data
STRBPER
xF9 Table 45
BATVTH
xFA Table 48
SCRATCH1
xFB Table 17
SCRATCH2
xFC Table 18
SCRATCH3
xFD Table 19
SCRATCH4
xFE Table 20 xFF
INTPR
Table 12
B
xF0
DIFFPROG
xF3 Table 46
PERIPH
xF4 Table 15 xF5
BATPR
Table 14
RTCCOMP
xF6 Table 113
TEMPCAL
xF7 Table 114
SPIMOD1 I2CMOD
xE8 Table 124 Table 129
xE9
SPIMOD2 I2CADR
Table 125 Table 130
SPI2CSTAT
IPSME
LCDSEGE2
VSWADC
xEA Table 126
xEC
Table 16
xED
Table 81
xEF
Table 49
ACC
xE0
WAV1L
xE2 Table 26 xE3
WAV1M
Table 26
WAV1H
xE4 Table 26
WAV2L
xE5 Table 26
WAV2M
xE6 Table 26
WAV2H
xE7 Table 26
ADCGO
xD8 Table 47
MIRQENL
xD9 Table 38
MIRQENM
xDA Table 39
MIRQENH
xDB Table 40
MIRQSTL
xDC Table 35
MIRQSTM
xDD Table 36
MIRQSTH
xDE Table 37
BATADC
xDF Table 50
PSW
xD0 Table 53
VRMSL
xD1 Table 26
VRMSM
xD2 Table 26
VRMSH
xD3 Table 26 xD4
IRMSL
Table 26
IRMSM
xD5 Table 26
IRMSH
xD6 Table 26
TEMPADC
xD7 Table 51
T2CON
xC8 Table 96
RCAP2L
xCA Table 104
RCAP2H
xCB Table 103
TL2
xCC Table 102
TH2
xCD Table 101
WDCON
xC0 Table 65
KYREG
xC1 Table 106
POWCON
xC5 Table 21
EADRL
xC6 Table 91
EADRH
xC7 Table 92
IP
xB8 Table 63 xB9
ECON
Table 84
FLSHKY
xBA Table 85
PROTKY
xBB Table 86
EDATA
xBC Table 87
PROTB0
xBD Table 88
PROTB1
xBE Table 89
PROTR
xBF Table 90
LCDCONY
xB1 Table 74
PINMAP0
xB2 Table 135
PINMAP1
xB3 Table 136
PINMAP2
xB4 Table 137
IE
xA8 Table 62 xA9
IEIP2
Table 64
LCDPTR
xAC Table 79
LCDDAT
xAE Table 80 xAF
CFG
Table 58
P2
xA0 Table 140
TIMECON
xA1 Table 107
HTHSEC
xA2 Table 108
SEC
xA3 Table 109
MIN
xA4 Table 110
HOUR
xA5 Table 111
INTVAL
xA6 Table 112
DPCON
xA7 Table 132
SCON
x98 Table 116
SBUF
x99 Table 117
SPI2CTx
x9A Table 122
SPI2CRx
x9B Table 123
LCDCONX
x9C Table 72
SBAUDF
x9D Table 119
SBAUDT
x9E Table 118 x9F
EPCFG
Table 134
P1
x90 Table 139
MADDPT
x91 Table 26
MDATL
x92 Table 26
MDATM
x93 Table 26
MDATH
x94 Table 26
LCDCON
x95 Table 71
LCDCLK
x96 Table 75
LCDSEGE
x97 Table 78
TCON
x88 Table 95 x89
TMOD
Table 94 x8A
TL0
Table 98
TL1
x8B Table 100 x8C
TH0
Table 97
TH1
x8D Table 99
P0
x80 Table 138 x81
SP
Table 57 x82
DPL
Table 55 x83
DPH
Table 56 x87
PCON
Table 54
Mnemonic MAPKEY
WDCON
xC0 Address Table 65 Link to detailed table
Rev. PrD | Page 22 of 140
Preliminary Technical Data POWER MANAGEMENT
The ADE7169F16 has an elaborate power management circuitry that manages the regular power supply to Battery switch over and power supply failures. The power management functionalities can be accessed directly through the 8052 SFR - see Table 11. Table 11. Power Management SFRs SFR address (hex) 0xEC 0xF5 0xF8 0xFF R/W Name
ADE7169F16
Description
R/W R/W R/W R/W
IPSME BATPR IPSMF INTPR
Power Management Interrupt enable Battery Switchover configuration Power Management Interrupt Flag Interrupt Wake-up Configuration
POWER MANAGEMENT REGISTER DETAILS
Table 12. Interrupt pins configuration SFR (INTPR, 0xFF)
Bit Location 7 6-4 3-1 Bit Mnemonic RTCCAL Reserved INT1PRG[2:0] Default Value 0 Description Control RTC calibration output When set uncalibrated clock at 1 Hz is output on CF1 pin. Controls the function of INT1T INT1PRG[2:0] x 0 0 x 0 1 0 INT0PRG 0 0 1 1 1 x x Function GPIO BCTRL INT1 input disabled INT1 input enabled Function INT0 input disabled INT0 input enabled
000
Controls the function of INT0 INT0PRG 0 1
Table 13. Power Management Interrupt Flag SFR (IPSMF, 0xF8)
Bit Location 7 Bit Addr. 0xFF Bit Name FPSR Default Value 0 Description Power Supply Restored Interrupt flag. Set when the VDD power supply has been restored. This occurs when the source of VSW changes from VBAT to VDD. PSM Interrupt flag. Set when an enabled PSM interrupt condition occurs. Voltage SAG Interrupt flag. Set when an ADE energy measurement SAG condition occurs. This bit must be kept cleared for proper operation VSW Monitor interrupt flag. Set when VSW changes by VSWDIF or when VSW measurement is ready. VBAT Monitor interrupt flag. Set when VBAT falls below BATVTH or when the VBAT measurement is ready. Battery Switchover interrupt flag.
Rev. PrD | Page 23 of 140
6 5 4 3 2 1
0xFE 0xFD 0xFC 0xFB 0xFA 0xF9
FPSM FSAG RESERVED FVSW FBAT FBSO
0 0 0 0 0 0
ADE7169F16
0 0xF8 FVDC 0 Set when VSW switches from VDD to VBAT. VDCIN Monitor interrupt flag. Set when VDCIN falls below 1.2V.
Preliminary Technical Data
Table 14. Battery Switchover Configuration SFR (BATPR, 0xF5)
Bit Location 7-2 1-0 Bit Mnemonic Reserved BATPRG [1:0] Default Value 00 00 Description These bits must be kept to 0 for proper operation Control bits for Battery Switchover. BATPRG [1:0] 0 0 0 1 1 X Function Battery Swichover Enabled on Low VDD Battery Swichover Enabled on Low VDD and Low VDCIN Battery Switchover Disabled
Table 15. Peripheral Configuration SFR (PERIPH, 0xF4)
Bit Location 7 6 Bit Mnemonic RXFLAG VSWSOURCE Default Value 0 1 Description If set, indicates that a RX Edge event triggered wakeup from PSM2 Indicates the power supply that is connected internally to VSW. 0 VSW=VBAT 1 VSW=VDD If set, indicates that VDD power supply is ok for operation If set, indicates that PLL is not locked If set, Internal voltage reference enabled in PSM2 mode. This bit should be set if LCD On in PSM2 mode. This bit should be kept to zero Controls the function of the P1.0/RX pin. RXPROG [1:0] Function 0 0 GPIO 0 1 RX with wakeup disabled 1 1 RX with wakeup enabled
5 4 3 2 1-0
VDD_OK PLL_FLT REF_BAT_EN Reserved RXPROG[1:0]
1 0 0 0 00
Table 16. Power Management Interrupt Enable SFR (IPSME, 0xEC)
Bit Location 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bit Mnemonic EPSR ADEIAUTCLR ESAG RESERVED EVSW EBAT EBSO EVDCIN Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Description Enables a PSM interrupt when the Power Supply Restored flag is set. If set, the ADE interrupt status registers MIRQSTH/M/L registers will be read with reset. Enables a PSM interrupt when the voltage sag flag (FSAG) is set. This bit must be kept cleared for proper operation Enables a PSM interrupt when the VSW monitor flag (FVSW) is set. Enables a PSM interrupt when the VBAT monitor flag (FBAT) is set. Enables a PSM interrupt when the Battery Switchover flag (FBSO) is set. Enables a PSM interrupt when the VDCIN monitor flag (FVDCIN) is set.
Table 17. Scratch Pad 1 SFR (SCRATCH1, 0xFB)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic SCRATCH1 Default Value 0 Description Value can be written/read in this register. This value will be maintained in all the power saving modes of the ADE7169F16
Rev. PrD | Page 24 of 140
Preliminary Technical Data
ADE7169F16
Table 18. Scratch Pad 2 SFR (SCRATCH2, 0xFC)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic SCRATCH2 Default Value 0 Description Value can be written/read in this register. This value will be maintained in all the power saving modes of the ADE7169F16
Table 19. Scratch Pad 3 SFR (SCRATCH3, 0xFD)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic SCRATCH3 Default Value 0 Description Value can be written/read in this register. This value will be maintained in all the power saving modes of the ADE7169F16
Table 20. Scratch Pad 4 SFR (SCRATCH4, 0xFE)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic SCRATCH4 Default Value 0 Description Value can be written/read in this register. This value will be maintained in all the power saving modes of the ADE7169F16
Table 21. Power Control SFR (POWCON, 0xC5)
Bit Location 7-5 4 3 2-0 Bit Mnemonic RESERVED COREOFF RESERVED CD[2:0] Default Value 0 0 010 Description
Set this bit to shut down the core if in the PSM1 operating mode. Controls the core clock frequency, Fcore. Fcore=4.096MHz/2CD CD[2:0] Fcore (MHz) 0 0 0 4.096 0 0 1 2.048 0 1 0 1.024 0 1 1 0.512 1 0 0 0.256 1 0 1 0.128 1 1 0 0.064 1 1 1 0.032
Note: Writing data to the POWCON SFR involves a double instruction sequence. Global interrupts must first be disabled to ensure that the two instructions occur consecutively. The KYREG SFR is set to 0xA7 and immediately followed by a write to the POWCON SFR. For example: CLR EA MOV KYREG,#0A7h MOV POWCON, #10H NOP NOP ;Disable Interrupts while configuring to WDT ;Write KYREG to 0xA7 to get write access to the POWCON SFR ;Shutdown the core
POWER SUPPLY ARCHITECTURE
ADE7169F16 has two power supply inputs, VDD and VBAT, and requires only a single 3.3V power supply at VDD for full
operation. A battery backup, or secondary power supply, with a maximum of 3.6V can be connected to the VBAT input. Internally, the ADE7169F16 connects VDD or VBAT to VSW, which is used to derive the power for the ADE7169F16 circuitry. The
Rev. PrD | Page 25 of 140
ADE7169F16
VSWOUT output pin reflects the voltage at VSW, and has a maximum output current of TBD mA. This pin may also be used to power a limited number of peripheral components. The 2.5V analog supply, VINTA and the 2.5V supply for the core logic, VINTD, are derived by on-chip linear regulators from VSW. Figure 9 shows the power supply architecture of ADE7169F16. The ADE7169F16 provides automatic battery switchover between VDD and VBAT based on the voltage level detected at VDD or VDCIN. Additionally, the BCTRL input can also be used to trigger a battery switchover. The conditions for switching VSW from VDD to VBAT and back to VDD are described in the Battery Switchover section. VDCIN is an input pin that can be connected to a 0V to 3.3V DC signal. This input is intended for power supply supervisory purposes and does not provide power to the ADE7169F16 circuitry - see Battery Switchover section.
Preliminary Technical Data
power supply is restored - see the Power Supply Monitor Interrupt (PSM) section.
Switching from VDD to VBAT
There are three events that can be enabled to switch the internal power supply, VSW, from VDD to VBAT: 1. (VDCIN < 1.2 V): When VDCIN falls below 1.2V VSW switches from VDD to VBAT. This event is enabled when the BATTPROG[1:0] bits in the Battery Switchover Configuration SFR (BATPR, 0xF5) are clear. Setting this bit will disable switchover based on VDCIN. Battery switchover on low VDCIN is disabled by default. (VDD < TBD V): When VDD falls below TBD V VSW switches from VDD to VBAT. This event is enabled when BATTPROG[1] in the Battery Switchover Configuration SFR (BATPR, 0xF5) is cleared. Rising edge on BCTRL: When the battery control pin, BCTRL, goes high, VSW switches from VDD to VBAT. This external switchover signal can trigger a switchover to VBAT at any time. Setting bits INT1PRG[4:2] to 0bx01 in the Interrupt pins configuration SFR (INTPR, 0xFF) enables the battery control pin.
2.
V DCIN V DD V BAT VSWOUT
ADC
3.
LDO
V INTD V INTA
MCU ADE SPI/I2C
BCTRL
POWER SUPPLY MANAGEMENT
VSW
ADC
LDO
SCRATCHPAD
LCD
RTC
UART
Switching from VBAT to VDD
To switch VSW back from VBAT to VDD all of the events that are enabled to force battery switchover must be false: 1. (VDCIN < 1.2 V) and (VDD < TBD V) Enabled: If the low VDCIN condition is enabled, VSW switches to VDD after VDCIN remains above TBD V for TBD seconds and VDD remains above TBD V for TBD seconds. (VDD < TBD V) Enabled: VSW switches back to VDD after VDD has been above TBD V for TBD seconds. BCTRL Enabled: VSW switches back to VDD after BCTRL is low and number 1 or number 2 are satisfied.
TEMPERATURE ADC
3.3V
2.5V
Figure 9: Power Supply Architecture
BATTERY SWITCHOVER
ADE7169F16 monitors VDD, VBAT, and VDCIN. Automatic battery switchover from VDD to VBAT can be configured based on the status of VDD, VDCIN, or the BCTRL pin. Battery switchover is enabled by default. Setting bit 1 in the Battery Switchover Configuration SFR (BATPR, 0xF5), disables battery switchover so that VDD is always connected to VSW. The source of VSW is indicated by bit 6 in the Peripheral Configuration SFR (PERIPH, 0xF4), which is set when VSW is connected to VDD and cleared when VSW is connected to VBAT. The battery switchover functionality provided by the ADE7169F16 allows a seamless transition from VDD to VBAT. An automatic battery switchover option ensures a stable power supply to the ADE7169F16, as long as the external battery voltage is above TBD V. It allows continuous code execution even while the internal power supply is switching from VDD to VBAT and back. Note that the energy metering ADCs are not available when VBAT is being used for VSW. Power supply monitor (PSM) interrupts can be enabled to indicate when battery switchover occurs and when the VDD
2. 3.
POWER SUPPLY MONITOR INTERRUPT (PSM)
The Power Supply Monitor Interrupt (PSM) alerts the 8052 core of power supply events. The PSM interrupt is disabled by default. Setting the EPSM bit in the Interrupt Enable and Priority 2 SFR (IEIP2, 0xA9) enables the PSM interrupt. The Power Management Interrupt Enable SFR (IPSME, 0xEC) controls the events that result in a PSM interrupt. Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating how the PSM interrupt vector is shared among the PSM interrupt sources. The PSM interrupt flags are latched and must be cleared by writing to the flag register.
Rev. PrD | Page 26 of 140
Preliminary Technical Data
EPSR FPSR ESAG FSAG EVSW FVSW EBAT FBAT EBSO FBSO EVDCIN FVDCIN FPSM EPSM
ADE7169F16
TRUE?
Pending PSM interrupt
IPSME Addr. 0ECh IPSMF Addr. 0F8h IEIP2 Addr. 0A9h
EPSR FPSR
ADEAUTOCLR
ESAG
reserved
EVSW FVSW EADE
EBAT
EBSO
EVDCIN
FPSM PTI
FSAG reserved
reserved PSI
FBAT ETI
FBSO EPSM
FVDCIN ESI
reserved
: Not involved in PSM Interrupt signal chain
Figure 10: PSM Interrupt Sources
Battery Switchover and Power Supply Restored PSM Interrupt
The ADE7169F16 can be configured to generate a PSM interrupt when the source of VSW changes from VDD to VBAT, indicating battery switchover. Setting the EBSO bit in the Power Management Interrupt Enable SFR (IPSME, 0xEC) enables this event to generate a PSM interrupt. The ADE7169F16 can also be configured to generate an interrupt when the source of VSW changes from VBAT to VDD, indicating that the VDD power supply has been restored. This event is enabled to generate a PSM interrupt by setting the EPSR bit in the Power Management Interrupt Enable SFR (IPSME, 0xEC). The flags in the Power Management Interrupt Flag SFR (IPSMF, 0xF8) for these interrupts, BSOF and PSRF are set regardless of whether the respective enable bits have been set. The battery switchover and power supply restore event flags, BSOF and PSRF, are latched. These events must be cleared by writing a zero to these bits. Bit 6 in the Peripheral Configuration SFR (PERIPH, 0xF4), VSWSOURCE, tracks the source of VSW. The bit is set when VSW is connected to VDD and cleared when VSW is connected to VBAT.
Temperature and Supply Delta SFR (DIFFPROG, 0xF3) -see Supply Voltage Measurement section. Setting the EVSW bit in the Power Management Interrupt Enable SFR (IPSME, 0xEC) enables this event to generate a PSM interrupt. The VSW voltage is measured using a dedicated ADC. These measurements take place in the background at intervals to check the change in VSW. Conversions can also be initiated by writing to the Start ADC Measurement SFR (ADCGO, 0xD8). The EVSW flag will indicate that a VSW measurement is ready. See the Supply Voltage Measurement section for details on how VSW is measured.
VBAT Monitor PSM Interrupt
The VBAT voltage is measured using a dedicated ADC. These measurements take place in the background at intervals to check the change in VBAT. The BATTF bit is set when the battery level is lower than the threshold set in the Battery detection threshold SFR (BATVTH, 0xFA) or when a new measurement is ready in the Battery ADC value SFR (BATADC, 0xDF) - see Battery measurement section. Setting the EBATT bit in the Power Management Interrupt Enable SFR (IPSME, 0xEC) enables this event to generate a PSM interrupt.
VDCIN Monitor PSM Interrupt
The VDCIN voltage is monitored by a comparator. The FVDC bit in the Power Management Interrupt Flag SFR (IPSMF, 0xF8) is set when the VDCIN input level is lower than 1.2 V. Setting the EVDCIN bit in the Power Management Interrupt Enable SFR
VSW Monitor PSM Interrupt
The ADE7169F16 can be configured to generate a PSM interrupt when VSW changes magnitude by more than a configurable threshold. This threshold is set in the
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ADE7169F16
(IPSME, 0xEC) enables this event to generate a PSM interrupt. This event associated with the SAG monitoring can be used to detect a power supply - VDD - being compromised and trigger further actions prior to decide a switch of VDD to VBAT .
Preliminary Technical Data
Setting the ESAG bit in the Power Management Interrupt Enable SFR (IPSME, 0xEC) enables this event to generate a PSM interrupt.
SAG Monitor PSM Interrupt
The ADE7169F16 energy measurement DSP monitors the ac voltage input at the VP and VN input pins. The SAGLVL register is used to set the threshold for a line voltage sag event. The SAGF bit in the Power Management Interrupt Flag SFR (IPSMF, 0xF8) is set if the line voltage stays below the level set in the SAGLVL register for the number of line cycles set in the SAGCYC register, - see Line Voltage Sag Detection section.
USING THE POWER SUPPLY FEATURES
In an energy meter application, VDD, the 3.3V power supply, is typically generated from the ac line voltage and regulated to 3.3V by a voltage regulator IC. The pre-regulated DC voltage, typically 5V to 12V, can be connected to VDCIN through a resistor divider. A 3.6V battery can be connected to VBAT. Figure 11 shows how the ADE7169F16 power supply inputs would be set up in this application.
(240, 220, 110V typical) ac input
BCTRL VP VN SAG Detection
5 - 12V dc
VDCIN
Voltage Supervisory Voltage Supervisory Power Supply Management VSW IPSMF SFR (Addr. 0xF8)
PSU
3.3V Regulator
VDD VSWOUT VBAT
Figure 11. Power Supply Management for Energy Meter Application
Figure 12 shows the sequence of events that will be generated for the power meter application in Figure 11 if the main power supply generated by the PSU starts to fail. The sag detection can provide the earliest warning of a potential problem on VDD. When a sag event occurs, the user code can be configured to backup data and prepare for battery switchover if desired. The relative spacing of these interrupts will depend on the design of
the power supply. Figure 13 shows the sequence of events that will be generated for the power meter application shown in Figure 11 if the main power supply starts to fail, with battery switchover on low VDCIN or low VDD enabled.
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Preliminary Technical Data
VP -VN SAG LEVEL trip point SAGCYC=1 VDCIN 1.2V
ADE7169F16
VDD 2.75V
t1 t2 SAG Event (FSAG=1) VDCIN Event (FVDC=1) If switchover on low VDD is enabled, Automatic Battery switchover VSW connected to VBAT
BSO Event (FBSO=1)
Figure 12: Power Supply Management Interrupts and Battery Switchover with only VDD enabled for battery switchover
VP -VN SAG LEVEL trip point SAGCYC=1 VDCIN 1.2V
VDD 2.75V
t1
t3
SAG Event (FSAG=1)
VDCIN Event (FVDC=1) If switchover on low VDCIN is enabled, Automatic Battery switchover VSW connected to V BAT
BSO Event (FBSO=1)
Figure 13: Power Supply Management Interrupts and Battery Switchover with VDD or VDCIN enabled for battery switchover
Time t1 t2 t3 TBD TBD TBD
Comment Time between when VDCIN goes below 1.2 V and when VSWF is raised. Time between when VDD falls below TBD V and when battery switchover occurs. Time between when VDCIN falls below 1.2 V and when battery switchover occurs, if VDCIN is enabled to cause battery switchover. VDCIN_OPT[1:0] in the Battery Switchover Configuration SFR (BATPR, 0xF5) sets this timeout
Table 22: Power Supply Event Timings Operating Modes
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ADE7169F16
Preliminary Technical Data
Finally, the transition between VDD and VBAT and the different Power Supply Modes (see Operating modessection) is represented in Figure 15.
VP -VN
SAG LEVEL Trip point
VDCIN 1.2V
SAG EVENT
VDCIN EVENT
VDCIN EVENT
30ms min.
30ms min.
VBAT VDD
2.75V
VSW
Battery switch enabled on low VDCIN
PSM0 PSM1 or PSM2
PSM0
VSW
Battery switch enabled on low VDD
PSM0
PSM0
PSM1 or PSM2
Figure 14: Power Supply Management transitions between modes
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Preliminary Technical Data OPERATING MODES
PSM0 (NORMAL MODE)
In PSM0, normal operating mode, VSW is connected to VDD. All of the analog and digital circuitries powered by VINTD and VINTA are enabled by default. The default clock frequency for PSM0, Fcore, established during a power-on-reset or software reset, is TBD MHz. Table 23. SFR maintained in PSM2 I/O configuration
ADE7169F16
Power Supply monitoring
Interrupt pins configuration SFR Battery detection threshold SFR (INTPR, 0xFF) (BATVTH, 0xFA) Peripheral Configuration SFR (PERIPH, 0xF4) Battery Switchover Configuration SFR (BATPR, 0xF5)
PSM1 (BATTERY MODE)
In PSM1, VSW is connected to VBAT. In this operating mode, the 8052 core and all of the digital circuitry are enabled by default. The analog circuitry for the ADE energy metering DSP powered by VINTA is disabled. This analog circuitry will automatically start up again once the VDD supply is above TBD V if the PWRDN bit in the MODE1 register (0x0B) is cleared. The default Fcore for PSM1, established during a power-on-reset or software reset, is 1.024 MHz.
PSM2 (SLEEP MODE)
PSM2 is a low power consumption sleep mode for use in battery operation. In this mode, VSW is connected to VBAT. All of the 2.5V digital and analog circuitry powered through VINTA and VINTD is disabled, including the MCU core, resulting in the following: 1. 2. The RAM in the MCU is no longer valid. The program counter for the 8052, also held in volatile memory, becomes invalid when the 2.5V supply is shut down. Therefore, the program will not resume from where it left off but will always start from the power on reset vector when the ADE7169F16 comes out of PSM2.
Port 0 Weak pull-up enable SFR (PINMAP0, 0xB2) Battery ADC value SFR (BATADC, 0xDF) Port 1 Weak pull-up enable SFR (PINMAP1, 0xB3) Peripheral ADC Strobe Period SFR (STRBPER, 0xF9) Port 2 Weak pull-up enable SFR (PINMAP2, 0xB4) Temperature and Supply Delta SFR (DIFFPROG, 0xF3) Scratch Pad 1 SFR (SCRATCH1, 0xFB) VSW ADC value SFR (VSWADC, 0xEF) Scratch Pad 2 SFR (SCRATCH2, 0xFC) Temperature ADC value SFR (TEMPADC, 0xD7) Scratch Pad 3 SFR (SCRATCH3, 0xFD) Scratch Pad 4 SFR (SCRATCH4, 0xFE) Peripherals - RTC RTC Nominal Compensation SFR (RTCCOMP, 0xF6) Peripherals - LCD LCD Segment Enable 2 SFR (LCDSEGE2, 0xED)
The 3.3V peripherals Temperature ADC, VBAT ADC, VSW ADC, RTC and LCD are active in PSM2. They can be enabled or disabled to reduce power consumption and are configured for PSM2 operation when the MCU core is active--see the individual peripherals for more information on their PSM2 configuration. The ADE7169F16 remains in PSM2 until an event occurs to wake it up. In PSM2, the ADE7169F16 provides 4 scratch pad RAM SFR that are maintained during this mode. These SFRs can be used to save data from PSM0 or PSM1 modes when entering PSM2 modes - see Table 16 to Table 20. In PSM2, the ADE7169F16 maintains some SFRs - see Table 23. The SFRs that are not listed in this table should be restored when the part enters PSM0 or PSM1 frm PSM2 mode.
RTC Temperature LCD Configuration Y SFR Compensation SFR (TEMPCAL, (LCDCONY, 0xB1) 0xF7) LCD Configuration X SFR RTC Configuration SFR (LCDCONX, 0x9C) (TIMECON, 0xA1) LCD Configuration SFR Hundredths of a Second (LCDCON, 0x95) Counter SFR (HTHSEC, 0xA2) LCD Clock SFR (LCDCLK, 0x96) Seconds Counter SFR (SEC, 0xA3) LCD Segment Enable SFR Minutes Counter SFR (MIN, (LCDSEGE, 0x97) 0xA4) Hours Counter SFR (HOUR, 0xA5) Alarm Interval SFR (INTVAL, 0xA6)
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ADE7169F16
3.3V PERIPHERALS AND WAKEUP EVENTS
Some of the 3.3V peripherals are capable of waking the ADE7169F16 from PSM2. The events that can cause the Table 24. 3.3V Peripherals and Wakeup Events
3.3V Peripheral Temperature ADC Wakeup Event T Wakeup Enable Bits Maskable Flag Interrupt Vector
Preliminary Technical Data
ADE7169F16 to wake from PSM2 are listed in the Wakeup Events column in Table 24.
Comments
VSW ADC
Power Supply Management
RTC
I/O Ports
The temperature ADC can wake-up the 8052 if the ITADC flag is set . This flag is set according to the description in the Temperature measurement section. This wakeup event can be disabled by disabling temperature measurements in the Temperature and Supply Delta SFR (DIFFPROG, 0xF3) in PSM2. Maskable VSWF IPSM The VSW measurement can wake-up the 8052. The V VSWF is set according to the description in the Supply Voltage Measurement section. This wakeup event can be disabled by clearing the EVSW in the Power Management Interrupt Enable SFR (IPSME, 0xEC). PSR PSR IPSM NonThe 8052 will wake up if the power supply is maskable restored (if VSW switches to be connected to VDD). The VSWSOURCE flag, bit 6 of the Peripheral Configuration SFR (PERIPH, 0xF4) SFR, is set to indicate that VSW is connected to VDD. This is a nonmaskable wakeup event. Midnight Midnight IRTC NonThe ADE7169F16 will wake up at midnight every maskable day to update its calendar. This event is a nonmaskable wakeup event. Alarm Maskable Alarm IRTC Set an alarm to wake the ADE7169F16 after the desired amount of time. The RTC Alarm is enabled by setting the alarm bit in the RTC Configuration SFR (TIMECON, 0xA1). All I/O pins are treated as inputs. The weak pull-up on each I/O pin can be disabled individually in the Port 0 Weak pullup enable SFR (PINMAP0, 0xB2), Port 1 Weak pull-up enable SFR (PINMAP1, 0xB3) and Port 2 Weak pull-up enable SFR (PINMAP2, 0xB4) to decrease current consumption. The interrupts can be enabled/disabled. INT0PROG IE0 The edge of the interrupt is selected by TCON.IT0 INT0 =1 The IE0 flag bit in the TCON register will not be affected. IE1 The edge of the interrupt is selected by TCON.IT1 INT1 INT1PROG [2:0 ]= 11X The IE1 flag bit in the TCON register will not be affected. RX Edge RXPROG [1:0] PERIPH.7 An RX Edge event will occur if a rising or falling edge is = 11 detected on the RX line (RXFG) RESET Nonmaskable If the RESET pin is brought low while the ADE7169F16 is in PSM2, it will wake up to PSM1. The LCD can be enabled/disabled in PSM2. The LCD data memory will remain intact. The 4 SCRATCHx registers will remain intact in PSM2.
-
ITADC
External Reset LCD Scratchpad
TRANSITIONING BETWEEN OPERATING MODES
The operating mode of the ADE7169F16 is determined by the power supply connected to VSW. Therefore a change in the power supply such as when VSW switches from VDD to VBAT or when VSW switches to VDD changes the operating mode. This section describes events that change the operating mode.
Automatic Battery Switchover (PSM0 to PSM1)
If any of the enabled battery switchover events occur (see the Battery Switchover section), VSW switches to VBAT. This switchover results in a transition from the PSM0 to PSM1 operating mode. When battery switchover occurs, the analog circuitry used in the ADE energy measurement DSP is disabled.
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Preliminary Technical Data
To reduce power consumption, the user code can initiate a transition to PSM2. reset vector.
ADE7169F16
USING THE POWER MANAGEMENT FEATURES
Since program flow is different for each operating mode, the status of VSW must be known at all times. The VSWFLAG bit in the Power Management Interrupt Flag SFR (IPSMF, 0xF8) indicates what VSW is connected to. This bit can be used to control program flow on wakeup. Since code execution always starts at the power on reset vector, bit 6 of the Peripheral Configuration SFR (PERIPH, 0xF4) can be tested to determine which power supply is being used and to branch to normal code execution or to wakeup event code execution. Power supply events can also occur when the MCU core is active. To be aware of events that change what VSW is connected to: Enable the battery switchover interrupt (EVSW) if VSW=VDD at power up. Enable the power supply restored interrupt (EPSR) if VSW=VBAT at power up. An early warning that battery switchover is about to occur is provided by SAG detection and possibly low VDCIN detection-- see the Battery Switchover section. For a user controlled battery switchover, enable automatic battery switchover on low VDD only. Then enable the low VDCIN event to generate the PSM interrupt. When a low VDCIN event occurs, start data backup. Upon completion of the data backup, enable battery switchover on low VDCIN. Then battery switchover will occur TBDms later.
Entering Sleep Mode (PSM1 to PSM2)
To reduce power consumption when VSW is connected to VBAT, user code can initiate sleep mode, PSM2, by setting bit 4 in the Power Control SFR (POWCON, 0xC5) to shut down the MCU core. Events capable of waking the MCU can be enabled--see the 3.3V Peripherals and Wakeup Events section.
Servicing Wakeup Events (PSM2 to PSM1)
The ADE7169F16 may need to wake up from PSM2 to service wakeup events - see the 3.3V Peripherals and Wakeup Events section. PSM1 code execution will begin at the power on reset vector. After servicing the wakeup event, the ADE7169F16 can return to PSM2 by setting bit 4 in the Power Control SFR (POWCON, 0xC5) to shut down the MCU core.
Automatic Switch to VDD (PSM2 to PSM0)
If the conditions to switch VSW from VBAT to VDD occur (see the Battery Switchover section), the operating mode will switch to PSM0. When this switch occurs, the MCU core and the analog circuitry used in the ADE energy measurement DSP will start up again automatically. PSM0 code execution will begin at the power on reset vector.
Automatic Switch to VDD (PSM1 to PSM0)
If the conditions to switch VSW from VBAT to VDD occur (see the Battery Switchover section), the operating mode will switch to PSM0. When this switch occurs, the analog circuitry used in the ADE energy measurement DSP will start up automatically. Note that code execution will continue normally. A software reset can be performed to start PSM0 code execution at the power on
Power Supply Restored
PSM0
Normal Mode VSW connected to VDD
Automatic Battery Switchover
PSM1
Battery Mode VSW connected to VBAT
Power Supply Restored
Wakeup Event
User code directs MCU to shutdown core after servicing wakeup event
PSM2
Sleep Mode VSW connected to VBAT
Figure 15: Transitioning between Operating Modes
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Preliminary Technical Data ENERGY MEASUREMENT
The ADE7169F16 provides a fixed function energy measurement Digital Processing core that provides all the information needed to measure energy in a single phase energy meters. The ADE7169F16 provides two ways to access the energy measurements: Direct access through SFR for time sensitive information and indirect access through address and data SFR registers for the majority of the energy measurements. The IRMS, VRMS, interrupts and waveform registers are readily available through SFRs as shown in Table 25. Other energy measurement information is mapped to a page of memory that is accessed indirectly through. The address and data registers act as pointers to the energy measurement internal registers.
ADE7169F16
When bit7 of MADDPT SFR is set, the content of the MDATA SFRs (MDATL, MDATM and MDATH) is transferred to the internal energy measurement register designated by the address in MADDPT SFR. If the internal register is one byte long, only MDATL SFR content is copied to the internal register while MDATM and MDATH SFR contents are ignored. The energy measurement core functions with an internal clock of 4.096 MHz/5 or 819.2 kHz. As the 8052 core functions with another clock, 4.096MHz / 2CD, synchronization between the two clock environments when CD = 0 or 1 is an issue. When data is written to the internal energy measurement a small wait period need to be implemented before another read or write to these registers is implemented. Sample 8051 code to write 0x0155 to the two bytes SAGLVL register, located at 14h in the energy measurement memory space is shown below: MOV MOV MOV MOV DJNZ MDATM,#01h MDATL,#55h MADDPT,#SAGLVL_W (address 0x94) A, #05h ACC, $ ;Next Write or read to Energy Measurement SFR can be done after this.
ACCESS TO ENERGY MEASUREMENT SFR
Access to the energy measurement SFRs is achieved by reading or writing to the SFR addresses detailed in Table 26. The internal data for the MIRQx SFRs are latched byte by byte into the SFR when the SFR is read. The WAV1x, WAV2x, VRMSx and IRMSx registers are all 3 bytes SFRs. The 24-bit data is latched into these SFRs when the High byte is read. Reading the Low or Medium byte before the High byte results in reading the date from the previous latched sample. Sample 8051 code to read the VRMS register is shown below: MOV MOV MOV R1, VRMSH //latches data in VrmsH, VrmsM and VrmsL SFR R2, VRMSM R3, VRMSL
Reading Internal energy measurement registers
When bit7 of MADDPT SFR is cleared, the content of the internal energy measurement register designated by the address in MADDPT is transferred to the MDATA SFRs (MDATL, MDATM and MDATH). If the internal register is one byte long, only the MDATL SFR content is updated with a new value while MDATM and MDATH SFR content are reset to 00h. The energy measurement core functions with an internal clock of 4.096 MHz/5 or 819.2 kHz. As the 8052 core functions with another clock, 4.096MHz / 2CD, synchronization between the two clock environments when CD = 0 or 1 is an issue. When data is read from the internal energy measurement, a small wait period need to be implemented before the MDATx SFRs are transferred to another SFR. Sample 8051 code to read the peak voltage in the 2-byte VPKLVL register, located at 0x16, into the data pointer is shown below: MOV MOV DJNZ MOV MOV MADDPT,#VPKLVL_R (address 0x16) A, #05h ACC, $ DPH, MDATM DPL, MDATL
ACCESS TO INTERNAL ENERGY MEASUREMENT REGISTERS
Access to the internal energy measurement registers is achieved by writing to the Energy Measurement pointer address (SFR address 91h). The MADDPT register selects the energy measurement register to be accessed and determines if a read or a write is performed--see Table 25. Table 25. Energy Measurement pointer address SFR (MADDPT, 0x91) Bit Description 7 1: Write 0: Read 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Energy Measurement internal register address
Writing to Internal energy measurement registers
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Preliminary Technical Data
Table 26. Energy measurement SFRs SFR address (hex) 0x91 0x92 0x93 0x94 0xD1 0xD2 0xD3 0xD4 0xD5 0xD6 0xD9 0xDA 0xDB 0xDC 0xDD 0xDE 0xE2 0xE3 0xE4 0xE5 0xE6 0xE7 R/W Name Description
ADE7169F16
R/W R/W R/W R/W R R R R R R R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R R R R R R
MADDPT MDATL MDATM MDATH VRMSL VRMSM VRMSH IRMSL IRMSM IRMSH MIRQENL MIRQENM MIRQENH MIRQSTL MIRQSTM MIRQSTH WAV1L WAV1M WAV1H WAV2L WAV2M WAV2H
Energy Measurement Pointer Address Energy Measurement Pointer Data LSByte Energy Measurement Pointer Data Middle byte Energy Measurement Pointer Data MSByte Vrms measurement LSByte Vrms measurement Middle byte Vrms measurement MSByte Irms measurement LSByte Irms measurement Middle byte Irms measurement MSByte Energy measurement interrupt enable LSByte Energy measurement interrupt enable Middle byte Energy measurement interrupt enable MSByte Energy measurement interrupt status LSByte Energy measurement interrupt status Middle byte Energy measurement interrupt status MSByte Selection 1 sample LSByte Selection 1 sample Middle byte Selection 1 sample MSByte Selection 2 sample LSByte Selection 2 sample Middle byte Selection 2 sample MSByte
ENERGY MEASUREMENT REGISTERS
Table 27. Energy Measurement Register List
Address MADDPT[6:0] 0x00 0x01 0x02 0x03 Name Reserved WATTHR RWATTHR LWATTHR R/W R R R Length 24 24 24 Signed /Unsigned S S S Default Value 0 0 0 Description Read Watt-hour accumulator without reset Read Watt-hour accumulator with reset Read Watt-hour accumulator synchronous to line cycle
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ADE7169F16
Address MADDPT[6:0] 0x04 0x05 0x06 0x07 0x08 0x09 0x0A 0x0B 0x0C 0x0D 0x0E 0x0F 0x10 0x11 0x12 0x13 0x14 0x15 0x16 0x17 0x18 0x19 0x1A 0x1B 0x1C 0x1D 0x1E 0x1F 0x20 0x21 0x22 0x23 0x24 0x25 0x26 0x27 0x28 Name VARHR RVARHR LVARHR VAHR RVAHR LVAHR PER_FREQ MODE1 MODE2 WAVMODE NLMODE ACCMODE PHCAL ZXTOUT LINCYC SAGCYC SAGLVL IPKLVL VPKLVL IPEAK RSTIPEAK VPEAK RSTVPEAK GAIN IBGAIN WGAIN VARGAIN VAGAIN WATTOS VAROS IRMSOS VRMSOS WDIV VARDIV VADIV CF1NUM CF1DEN R/W R R R R R R R R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R R R R R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Length 24 24 24 24 24 24 16 8 8 8 8 8 8 12 16 8 16 16 16 24 24 16 16 8 12 12 12 12 16 16 12 12 8 8 8 16 16 U U U U U U U U U U S S S S S S S S U U U U U Signed /Unsigned S S S S S S U U U U U U S Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0x06 0x40 0 0 0 0x40 0x0FFF 0xFFFF 0xFF 0 0xFFFF 0xFFFF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0x003F Description
Preliminary Technical Data
Read VAR-hour accumulator without reset Read VAR-hour accumulator with reset Read VAR-hour accumulator synchronous to line cycle Read VA-hour accumulator without reset Read VA-hour accumulator with reset Read VA-hour accumulator synchronous to line cycle Read Line Period or Frequency register depending on Mode2 register Set basic configuration of energy measurement - see Table 28 Set basic configuration of energy measurement - see Table 29 Set configuration of waveform sample 1 and waveform sample 2 - see Table 30 Set level of energy no-load thresholds - Table 31 Set configuration of Watt, VAR accumulation and various tamper alarms - see Table 32 Set phase calibration register - see Phase Compensation section Set time out for Zero-crossing time out detection - see Zero-Crossing Timeout Set number of half line cycles for LWATTHR, LVARHR and LVAHR accumulators Set number of half line cycles for SAG detection - see Line Voltage Sag Detection Set detection level for SAG detection - see Line Voltage Sag Detection Set peak detection level for current peak detection - see Peak Detection Set peak detection level for voltage peak detection- see Peak Detection Read current peak level without reset - see Peak Detection Read current peak level with reset - see Peak Detection Read voltage peak level without reset - see Peak Detection Read voltage peak level with reset - see Peak Detection Set PGA gain of analog inputs - see Table 33 Set Matching Gain for IB current input Set Watt gain register Set VAR gain register Set VA gain register Set Watt offset register Set VAR offset register Set current rms offset register Set voltage rms offset register Set Watt energy scaling register Set VAR energy scaling register Set VA energy scaling register Set CF1 numerator register Set CF1 denominator register
Rev. PrD | Page 36 of 140
Preliminary Technical Data
Address MADDPT[6:0] 0x29 0x2A 0x3D Name CF2NUM CF2DEN CALMODE R/W R/W R/W R/W Length 16 16 8 Signed /Unsigned U U U Default Value 0 0x003F 0 Description Set CF2 numerator register Set CF2 denominator register Set Calibration Mode
ADE7169F16
ENERGY MEASUREMENT INTERNAL REGISTERS DETAILS
Table 28. MODE1 register (0x0B)
Bit Location 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bit Mnemonic SWRST DISZXLPF INTE SWAPBITS PWRDN DISCF2 DISCF1 DISHPF Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Description Setting this bit will reset all of the energy measurement registers to their default values Setting this bit disables the zero-crossing lowpass filter Setting this bit enables the digital integrator for use with a di/dt sensor Setting this bit swaps CH1 & CH2 ADCs Setting this bit powers down voltage and current ADC's Setting this bit disables Frequency output CF2 Setting this bit disables Frequency output CF1 Setting this bit disables the HPFs in voltage and current channels
Table 29. MODE2 register (0x0C)
Bit Location 7-6 Bit Mnemonic CF2SEL[1:0] Default Value 01 Description Configuration bits for CF2 output CF2SEL[1:0] Source 00 CF2 frequency is proportional to active power 01 CF2 frequency is proportional to reactive power 1x CF2 frequency is proportional to apparent power or IRMS Configuration bits for CF1 output CF1SEL[1:0] Source 00 CF1 frequency is proportional to active power 01 CF1 frequency is proportional to reactive power 1x CF1 frequency is proportional to apparent power or IRMS Configuration bits for apparent power or IRMS for CF1 and CF2 outputs 0 If CF1SEL[1:0]=1x, CF1 is proportional to VA If CF2SEL[1:0]=1x, CF2 is proportional to VA 1 If CF1SEL[1:0]=1x, CF1 is proportional to IRMS If CF2SEL[1:0]=1x, CF2 is proportional to IRMS Note that CF1 cannot be proportional to VA if CF2 is proportional to IRMS and vice versa Logic one enables update of RMS values synchronously to voltage ZX Configuration bits to select PERIOD or FREQUENCY measurement for PER_FREQ register (0Ah) 0 PER_FREQ register holds a period measurement 1 PER_FREQ register holds a frequency measurement This bit should be kept to one
5-4
CF1SEL[1:0]
00
3
VARMSCFCON
0
2 1
ZXRMS FREQSEL
0 0
0
Reserved
1
Table 30. WAVMODE register (0x0D)
Bit Location Bit Mnemonic Default Value Description
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ADE7169F16
7-5 WAV2SEL[2:0] 0
Preliminary Technical Data
Waveform 2 selection for samples mode WAV2SEL[2:0] Source 000 Current 001 Voltage 010 Active Power multiplier output 011 Reactive Power multiplier output 100 VA multiplier output 101 IRMS LPF output others Reserved Waveform 1 selection for samples mode WAV1SEL[2:0] Source 000 Current 001 Voltage 010 Active Power multiplier output 011 Reactive Power multiplier output 100 VA multiplier output 101 IRMS LPF output (low 24-bit) others Reserved Waveform samples output data rate DTRT[1:0] Update rate (clock=MCLK/5=819.2kHz) 00 25.6Ksps(clock/32) 01 12.8Ksps(clock/64) 10 6.4Ksps(clock/128) 11 3.2Ksps(clock/256)
4-2
WAV1SEL[2:]
0
1-0
DTRT[1:0]
0
Table 31. NLMODE register (0x0E)
Bit Location 7 6 5-4 Bit Mnemonic Reserved IRMSNOLOAD VANOLOAD[1:0] Default Value 0 0 0 Description Reserved Logic one enables IRMS no-load thresold detection. The level is defined by the setting of the VANOLOADbits. Apparent Power No-load threshold [1:0] 00 No-load detection disabled 01 No-load enabled with threshold = 0.030% of Full scale 10 No-load enabled with threshold = 0.015% of Full scale 11 No-load enabled with threshold = 0.0075% of Full scale Reactive Power No-load threshold [1:0] 00 No-load detection disabled 01 No-load enabled with threshold = 0.015% of Full scale 10 No-load enabled with threshold = 0.0075% of Full scale 11 No-load enabled with threshold = 0.0037% of Full scale Active Power No-load threshold [1:0] 00 No-load detection disabled 01 No-load enabled with threshold = 0.015% of Full scale 10 No-load enabled with threshold = 0.0075% of Full scale 11 No-load enabled with threshold = 0.0037% of Full scale
3-2
VARNOLOAD[1:0]
0
1-0
APNOLOAD[1:0]
0
Table 32. ACCMODE register (0x0F)
Bit Bit Default Description
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Preliminary Technical Data
Location 7 Mnemonic ICHANNEL Value 0
ADE7169F16
This bit indicate the current channel used to measure energy in antitampering mode. 0 - Channel A 1 - Channel B Configuration bit to select event that will trigger a Fault interrupt 0 - FAULT interrupt occurs when part enters Fault Mode 1 - FAULT interrupt occurs when part enters Normal Mode Configuration bit to select event that will trigger an reactive power sign interrupt 0 - VARSIGN interrupt occurs when reactive power changes from positive to negative 1 - VARSIGN interrupt occurs when reactive power changes from negative to positive Configuration bit to select event that will trigger an active power sign interrupt 0 - APSIGN interrupt occurs when active power changes from positive to negative 1 - APSIGN interrupt occurs when active power changes from negative to positive Logic one enables absolute value accumulation of Reactive power in energy register and pulse output Logic one enables reactive power accumulation depending on the sign of the active power: If Active Power is positive, VAR is accumulated as it is; If Active Power is negative, the sign of the VAR is reversed for the accumulation. This accumulation mode affects both the VAR registers and the VARCF output. Logic one enables positive only accumulation of Active power in energy register and pulse output Logic one enables absolute value accumulation of Active power in energy register and pulse output
6
FAULTSIGN
0
5
VARSIGN
0
4
APSIGN
0
3 2
ABSVARM SAVARM
0 0
1 0
POAM ABSAM
0 0
Table 33. GAIN register (0x1B)
Bit Location 7-5 Bit Mnemonic PGA2[2:0] Default Value 0 Description These bits define the voltage channel input gain [2:0] 000 Gain = 1 001 Gain = 2 010 Gain = 4 011 Gain = 8 100 Gain = 16 Reserved These bits define the current channel input gain [2:0] 000 Gain = 1 001 Gain = 2 010 Gain = 4 011 Gain = 8 100 Gain = 16
4-3 2-0
Reserved PGA1[2:0]
0 0
Table 34. CALMODE register (0x3D)
Bit Bit Default Description
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ADE7169F16
Location 7-6 5-4 Mnemonic Reserved SEL_I_CH[1:0] Value 0 0
Preliminary Technical Data
3 2 1-0
V_CH_SHORT I_CH_SHORT Reserved
0 0
These bits should be kept cleared for proper operation These bits define the current channel used for energy measurements [1:0] 00 Current channel automatically selected by the tampering condition 01 Current channel connected to IA 10 Current channel connected to IB 11 Current channel automatically selected by the tampering condition Logic one short voltage channel to ground Logic one short Current channels to ground
Table 35. Interrupt Status Register 1 SFR (MIRQSTL, 0xDC)
Bit Location 7 Interrupt Flag ADEIRQFLAG Description This bit is set if any of the ADE status flags that are enabled to generate an ADE interrupt are set. This bit is automatically cleared when all of the enabled ADE status flags are cleared. Reserved. Logic one indicates that the Fault mode has changed according to the configuration of the ACCMODE register Logic one indicates that the reactive power sign changed according to the configuration of ACCMODE register Logic one indicates that the active power sign changed according to the configuration of ACCMODE register Logic one indicates that an interrupt was caused by apparent power no-load detected. This interrupt is also used to reflect the part entering the IRMS No load mode. Logic one indicates that an interrupt was caused by reactive power no-load detected. Logic one indicates that an interrupt was caused by active power no-load detected.
6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved FAULTSIGN VARSIGN APSIGN VANOLOAD RNOLOAD APNOLOAD
Table 36. Interrupt Status Register 2 SFR (MIRQSTM, 0xDD)
Bit Location 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Interrupt Flag CF2 CF1 VAEOF REOF AEOF VAEHF REHF AEHF Description Logic one indicates that a pulse on CF2 has been issued. The flag is set even if CF2 pulse output is not enabled by clearing bit 2 of MODE1 register. Logic one indicates that a pulse on CF1 has been issued. The flag is set even if CF1 pulse output is not enabled by clearing bit 1 of MODE1 register. Logic one indicates that the VAHR register has overflowded Logic one indicates that the VARHR register has overflowded Logic one indicates that the WATTHR register has overflowded Logic one indicates that the VAHR register is half full Logic one indicates that the VARHR register is half full Logic one indicates that the WATTHR register is half full
Table 37. Interrupt Status Register 3 SFR (MIRQSTH, 0xDE)
Bit Location 7 6 5 4 3 Interrupt Flag RESET WFSM PKI PKV Description Indicates the end of a reset (for both sofware or hardware reset). Reserved Logic one indicates that new data is present in the Waveform Registers Logic one indicates that current channel has exceeded the IPKLVL value Logic one indicates that voltage channel has exceeded the VPKLVL value.
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Preliminary Technical Data
2 1 0 CYCEND ZXTO ZX
ADE7169F16
Logic one indicates the end of the energy accumulation over an integer number of half line cycles. Logic one indicates that no zero crossing on the line voltage happened for the last ZXTOUT half line cycles. Logic one indicates detection of a zero crossing in the voltage channel.
Table 38. Interrupt Enable Register 1 SFR (MIRQENL, 0xD9)
Bit Location 7-6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Interrupt Flag Reserved FAULTSIGN VARSIGN APSIGN VANOLOAD RNOLOAD APNOLOAD Description Reserved. When this bit is set, the FAULTSIGN bit set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core. When this bit is set, the VARSIGN bit set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core. When this bit is set, the APSIGN bit set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core. When this bit is set, the VANOLOAD bit set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core. When this bit is set, the RNOLOAD bit set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core. When this bit is set, the APNOLOAD bit set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core.
Table 39. Interrupt Enable Register 2 SFR (MIRQENM, 0xDA)
Bit Location 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Interrupt Flag CF2 CF1 VAEOF REOF AEOF VAEHF REHF AEHF Description When this bit is set, a CF2 pulse issued creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core. When this bit is set, a CF1 pulse issued creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core. When this bit is set, the VAEOF flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core. When this bit is set, the REOF flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core. When this bit is set, the AEOF flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core. When this bit is set, the VAEHF flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core. When this bit is set, the REHF flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core. When this bit is set, the AEHF flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core.
Table 40. Interrupt Enable Register 3 SFR (MIRQENH, 0xDB)
Bit Location 7-6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Interrupt Flag WFSM PKI PKV CYCEND ZXTO ZX Description Reserved When this bit is set, the WFSM flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core. When this bit is set, the PKI flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core. When this bit is set, the PKV flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core.. When this bit is set, the CYCEND flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core. When this bit is set, the ZXTO flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core. When this bit is set, the ZX flag set creates a pending ADE interrupt to the 8052 core.
ANALOG INPUTS
The ADE7169F16 has two fully differential voltage input channels. The maximum differential input voltage for input pairs VP/VN and IP/IN are 0.5 V. In addition, the maximum signal level on analog inputs for VP/VN and IP/ IN is 0.5 V with respect to AGND. Each analog input channel has a PGA (programmable gain
amplifier) with possible gain selections of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16. The gain selections are made by writing to the GAIN register in the Energy Measurement Register List--see Table 33 and Figure 17. Bits 0 to 2 select the gain for the PGA in the current channel, and the gain selection for the PGA in voltage channel is made via Bits 5 to 7. Figure 16 shows how a gain selection for the current channel is made using the gain register.
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ADE7169F16
7 0 6 0 5 0 GAIN[7:0] 4 3 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Preliminary Technical Data
A - modulator converts the input signal into a continuous serial stream of 1s and 0s at a rate determined by the sampling clock. In the ADE7169F16, the sampling clock is equal to MCLK/5. The 1-bit DAC in the feedback loop is driven by the serial data stream. The DAC output is subtracted from the input signal. If the loop gain is high enough, the average value of the DAC output (and therefore the bit stream) can approach that of the input signal level. For any given input value in a single sampling interval, the data from the 1-bit ADC is virtually meaningless. Only when a large number of samples are averaged is a meaningful result obtained. This averaging is carried out in the second part of the ADC, the digital low-pass filter. By averaging a large number of bits from the modulator, the lowpass filter can produce 24-bit data-words that are proportional to the input signal level. The - converter uses two techniques to achieve high resolution from what is essentially a 1-bit conversion technique. The first is oversampling. Oversampling means that the signal is sampled at a rate (frequency), which is many times higher than the bandwidth of interest. For example, the sampling rate in the ADE7169F16 is MCLK/5 (819.2 kHz) and the band of interest is 40 Hz to 2 kHz. Oversampling has the effect of spreading the quantization noise (noise due to sampling) over a wider bandwidth. With the noise spread more thinly over a wider bandwidth, the quantization noise in the band of interest is lowered -- see Figure 19. However, oversampling alone is not efficient enough to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the band of interest. For example, an oversampling ratio of 4 is required just to increase the SNR by only 6 dB (1 bit). To keep the oversampling ratio at a reasonable level, it is possible to shape the quantization noise so that the majority of the noise lies at the higher frequencies. In the - modulator, the noise is shaped by the integrator, which has a high-pass-type response for the quantization noise. The result is that most of the noise is at the higher frequencies where it can be removed by the digital low-pass filter. This noise shaping is shown in Figure 19.
DIGITAL FILTER ANTILALIAS FILTER (RC) SHAPED NOISE SAMPLING FREQUENCY
GAIN (K) SELECTION V1P
VIN
K VIN
V1N
Figure 16. PGA in current channel
In addition to the PGA, Channel 1 also has a full-scale input range selection for the ADC. The ADC analog input range selection is also made using the gain register--see Figure 17. As mentioned previously, the maximum differential input voltage is 0.5 V.
GAIN REGISTER* CURRENT AND VOLTAGE CHANNELS PGA CONTROL 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 PGA 2 GAIN SELECT 000 = x 1 001 = x 2 010 = x 4 011 = x 8 100 = x 16 * REGISTER CONTENTS SHOW POWER-ON DEFAULTS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ADDR: 1BH
PGA 1 GAIN SELECT 000 = x 1 001 = x 2 010 = x 4 011 = x 8 100 = x 16 RESERVED
Figure 17. ADE7169F16 Analog Gain Register
ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERSION
The ADE7169F16 has two sigma-delta Analog to Digital Converters (ADC). The outputs of these ADCs are mapped directly to waveform sampling SFRs (address 0xE2 to 0xE7) and are used for the energy measurement internal digital signal processing. In PSM1 (Battery mode)and PSM2 (Sleep mode), the ADCs are powered down to minimize power consumption. For simplicity, the block diagram in Figure 18 shows a firstorder - ADC. The converter is made up of the - modulator and the digital low-pass filter.
MCLK/5 ANALOG LOW-PASS FILTER R C + - VREF
+ -
SIGNAL
NOISE
0
2
409.6 FREQUENCY (kHz)
819.2
INTEGRATOR
LATCHED COMPARATOR
DIGITAL LOW-PASS FILTER 24
SIGNAL
HIGH RESOLUTION OUTPUT FROM DIGITAL LPF
NOISE
.....10100101..... 1-BIT DAC
0
2
409.6 FREQUENCY (kHz)
819.2
02875-0-047
Figure 18. First-Order - ADC
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Figure 19. Noise Reduction Due to Oversampling and Noise Shaping in the Analog Modulator
Preliminary Technical Data
Anti-aliasing Filter
Figure 18 also shows an analog low-pass filter (RC) on the input to the modulator. This filter is present to prevent aliasing. Aliasing is an artifact of all sampled systems. Aliasing means that frequency components in the input signal to the ADC, which are higher than half the sampling rate of the ADC, appear in the sampled signal at a frequency below half the sampling rate. Figure 20 illustrates the effect. Frequency components (arrows shown in black) above half the sampling frequency (also know as the Nyquist frequency, i.e., 409.6 kHz) are imaged or folded back down below 409.6 kHz. This happens with all ADCs regardless of the architecture. In the example shown, only frequencies near the sampling frequency, i.e., 819.2 kHz, move into the band of interest for metering, i.e., 40 Hz to 2 kHz. This allows the use of a very simple LPF (low-pass filter) to attenuate high frequency (near 819.2 kHz) noise, and prevents distortion in the band of interest. For conventional current sensors, a simple RC filter (single-pole LPF) with a corner frequency of 10 kHz produces an attenuation of approximately 40 dB at 819.2 kHz -- see Figure 20. The 20 dB per decade attenuation is usually sufficient to eliminate the effects of aliasing for conventional current sensors. However, for a di/dt sensor such as a Rogowski coil, the sensor has a 20 dB per decade gain. This neutralizes the -20 dB per decade attenuation produced by one simple LPF. Therefore, when using a di/dt sensor, care should be taken to offset the 20 dB per decade gain. One simple approach is to cascade two RC filters to produce the -40 dB per decade attenuation needed.
IMAGE FREQUENCIES ALIASING EFFECTS
ADE7169F16
SAMPLING FREQUENCY
0
2
409.6 FREQUENCY (kHz)
819.2
Figure 20. ADC and Signal Processing in current channel Outline Dimensions
ADC Transfer Function
Both ADCs in the ADE7169F16 are designed to produce the same output code for the same input signal level. With a fullscale signal on the input of 0.5 V and an internal reference of 1.2 V, the ADC output code is nominally 2,684,354 or 28F5C2h. The maximum code from the ADC is 4,194,304; this is equivalent to an input signal level of 0.794 V. However, for specified performance, it is recommended that the full-scale input signal level of 0.5 V not be exceeded.
Current Channel ADC
Figure 21 shows the ADC and signal processing chain for the current channel. In waveform sampling mode, the ADC outputs a signed twos complement 24-bit data-word at a maximum of 25.6 kSPS (MCLK/160). With the specified full-scale analog input signal of 0.5 V (or 0.25 V or 0.125 V--see the Analog Inputs section) the ADC produces an output code that is approximately between 0x28F5C2 (+2,684,354d) and 0xD70A3E (-2,684,354d)--see Figure 21.
IAP I IN
x1, x2, x4, REFERENCE x8, x16 {GAIN[2:0]} HPF PGA1
MODE1[5]
ADC
HPF
DIGITAL INTEGRATOR* dt
CURRENT RMS (IRMS) CALCULATION WAVEFORM SAMPLE REGISTER ACTIVE AND REACTIVE POWER CALCULATION
IBP
PGA1
ADC
50Hz CURRENT CHANNEL WAVEFORM DATA RANGE AFTER INTEGRATOR (50Hz)
0.5V, 0.25V, 0.125V, 62.5mV, 31.3mV
V1 CURRENT CHANNEL WAVEFORM DATA RANGE 0x28F5C2 ANALOG INPUT RANGE 0x000000 0xD70A3E
0x342CD0 0x000000 0xCBD330
0V
60Hz
CURRENT CHANNEL WAVEFORM DATA RANGE AFTER INTEGRATOR (60Hz)
0x2B7850 0x000000 *WHEN DIGITAL INTEGRATOR IS ENABLED, FULL-SCALE OUTPUT DATA IS ATTENUATED DEPENDING ON THE SIGNAL FREQUENCY BECAUSE THE INTEGRATOR HAS A -20dB/DECADE FREQUENCY RESPONSE. WHEN DISABLED, THE OUTPUT WILL NOT BE FURTHER ATTENUATED. 0xD487B0
Figure 21. ADC and Signal Processing in Current Channel
Rev. PrD | Page 43 of 140
ADE7169F16
Voltage Channel ADC
Figure 21 shows the ADC and signal processing chain for the Voltage Channel. In waveform sampling mode, the ADC outputs a signed twos complement 24-bit data-word at a
x1, x2, x4, REFERENCE x8, x16 {GAIN[7:5]} PGA2
Preliminary Technical Data
maximum of 25.6 kSPS (MCLK/160). The ADC produces an output code that is approximately between 0x28F5 (+10,485d) and 0xD70B (-10,485d)--see Figure 22.
ACTIVE AND REACTIVE POWER CALCULATION HPF VOLTAGE RMS (VRMS) CALCULATION WAVEFORM SAMPLE REGISTER VOLTAGE PEAK DETECT
VP V2
ADC
0.5V, 0.25V, 0.125V, 62.5mV, 31.3mV
V2 LPF1 VOLTAGE CHANNEL WAVEFORM DATA RANGE ANALOG INPUT RANGE 0x28F5 0x0000
ZX DETECTION
0V
f-3dB = 63.7Hz
ZX SIGNAL DATA RANGE for 60Hz signal 0x1DD0 0x0000 0xE230
MODE1[6]
0xD70B ZX SIGNAL DATA RANGE for 50Hz signal 0x2037 0x0000 0xDFC9
Figure 22. ADC and Signal Processing in Voltage Channel
Channel Sampling
The waveform samples of the current ADC and voltage ADC can also be routed to the waveform registers to be read by the MCU core. The active, reactive, apparent power, and energy calculation remain uninterrupted during waveform sampling. When in waveform sampling mode, one of four output sample rates can be chosen by using Bits 0 and 1 of the WAVMODE register (WAVSEL1,0). The output sample rate can be 25.6 kSPS, 12.8kSPS, 6.4 kSPS, or 3.2 kSPS--see Table 30. If the WFSM enable bit is set in the Interrupt Enable Register 3 SFR (MIRQENH, 0xDB), the 8052 core has a pending ADE interrupt. The sampled signals selected in the WAVMODE register will be latched into the Waveform SFRs when the waveform high byte (WAV1H or WAV2H) is read. The ADE interrupt stays active until the WFSM status bit is cleared--see Energy measurement interrupts section.
ease of understanding as phase and neutral (return) currents. In the ADE7169F16, a fault condition is defined when the difference between IA and IB is greater than 6.25% of the active channel. If a fault condition is detected and the inactive channel is larger than the active channel, the ADE7169F16 automatically switches to current measurement to the inactive channel. During a fault, the active, reactive, current rms and apparent powers are generated using the larger of the two currents. On power-up, IA is the current input selected for Active, Reactive, and Apparent power and Irms calculations. To prevent false alarm, averaging is done for the fault detection and a fault condition is detected approximately 1 second after the event. The fault detection is automatically disabled when the voltage signal is less than 0.3% of the full-scale input range. This eliminates false detection of a fault due to noise at light loads. Because the ADE7169F16 looks for a difference between the voltage signals on IA and IB, it is important that both current transducers be closely matched.
FAULT DETECTION
The ADE7169F16 incorporates a fault detection scheme that warns of fault conditions and allows the ADE7169F16 to continue accurate measurement during a fault event. The ADE7169F16 does this by continuously monitoring both current inputs (IA and IB). These currents will be referred for
Channel selection Indication
The current channel selected for measurement is indicated by bit 7 (ICHANNEL) in the ACCMODE register (0x0F). When this bit is cleared, IA is selected and when it is set, IB is selected.
Rev. PrD | Page 44 of 140
Preliminary Technical Data
The ADE7169F16 automatically switches from one channel to the other and reports the channel configuration in the ACCMODE register (0x0F). The current channel selected for measurement can also be forced. Setting one of the SELCH1A and SELCH1B bits in the CALMODE register (0x3D) selects IA and IB respectively. When both bits are cleared or set, the current channel used for measurement is selected automatically based on the Fault detection.
ADE7169F16
the active channel until IA is greater than IB and the difference between IA and IB--in this order--becomes greater than 6.25% of IB. However, if FAULTSIGN bit (bit 6) of ACCMODE register (0x0F) is set, the FAULTSIGN flag in the Interrupt Status Register 1 SFR (MIRQSTL, 0xDC) will be set as soon as IA is within 6.25% of IB. This threshold eliminates potential chatter between IA and IB.
Calibration Concerns
Typically, when a meter is being calibrated, the voltage and current circuits are separated as shown in Figure 23. This means that current passes through only the phase or neutral circuit. Figure 23 shows current being passed through the phase circuit. This is the preferred option, because the ADE7169F16 starts billing on the input IA on power-up. The phase circuit CT is connected to IA in the diagram. As the current sensors are not perfectly matched, it is important to match current inputs. The ADE7169F16 provides a gain calibration register for IB, IBGAIN (address 0x1C). IBGAIN is a 12-bit signed 2-complement register that provides a gain resolution of 0.0244%/LSB. For calibration, a first measurement should be done on IA by setting SEL_I_CH bits to 0b01 in the CALMODE register (0x3D). This measurement should be compared to the measurement on IB. Measuring IB can be forced by setting SEL_I_CH bits to 0b10 in the CALMODE register (0x3D). The Gain error between these two measurements can be evaluated using: Error (% ) = Measurement (I B ) - Measurement (I A )
Measurement (I A )
Fault Indication
The ADE7169F16 provides an indication of the part going in or out of a fault condition. The new fault condition is indicated by the FAULTSIGN flag (bit5) in the Interrupt Status Register 1 SFR (MIRQSTL, 0xDC). When FAULTSIGN bit (bit 6) of ACCMODE register (0x0F) is cleared, the FAULTSIGN flag in the Interrupt Status Register 1 SFR (MIRQSTL, 0xDC) will be set when the part is entering fault condition. When FAULTSIGN bit (bit 6) of ACCMODE register (0x0F) is set, the FAULTSIGN flag in the Interrupt Status Register 1 SFR (MIRQSTL, 0xDC) will be set when the part is entering normal condition. When the FAULTSIGN bit is set in the Interrupt Enable Register 1 SFR (MIRQENL, 0xD9), and the FAULTSIGN flag in the Interrupt Status Register 1 SFR (MIRQSTL, 0xDC) is set, the 8052 core has a pending ADE interrupt.
Fault with Active Input Greater than Inactive Input
If IA is the active current input (that is, being used for billing), and the voltage signal on IB (inactive input) falls below 93.75% of IA, and the FAULTSIGN bit (bit 6) of ACCMODE register (0x0F) is cleared, the FAULTSIGN flag in the Interrupt Status Register 1 SFR (MIRQSTL, 0xDC) is set. Both analog inputs are filtered and averaged to prevent false triggering of this logic output. As a consequence of the filtering, there is a time delay of approximately 3 s on the logic output after the fault event. The FAULTSIGN flag is independent of any activity. Because IA is the active input and it is still greater than IB, billing is maintained on IA, that is, no swap to the IB input occurs. IA remains the active input.
The two channels IA and IB can then be matched by writing: - Error(%) / (1 + Error (%)) * 212 to IBGAIN register. This matching adjustment will be valid for all energy measurements, Active power, reactive power, Irms, and Apparent power, made by the ADE7169F16.
IB 0 CT RB AGND IN TEST CURRENT RF IA
VA
CF
NEUTRAL
RB CT RA CF RF
0V
CF
PHASE
RF RF CT
VP VN
IB
Fault with Inactive Input Greater than Active Input
If the difference between IB, the inactive input, and IA, the active input (that is, being used for billing), becomes greater than 6.25% of IB, and the FAULTSIGN bit (bit 6) of ACCMODE register (0x0F) is cleared, the FAULTSIGN flag in the Interrupt Status Register 1 SFR (MIRQSTL, 0xDC) is set. The analog input IB becomes the active input. Again, a time constant of about 3 s is associated with this swap. IA does not swap back to
V 240V RMS
Figure 23. Fault Conditions for Inactive Input Greater than Active Input
di/dt CURRENT SENSOR AND DIGITAL INTEGRATOR
A di/dt sensor detects changes in magnetic field caused by ac
Rev. PrD | Page 45 of 140
ADE7169F16
current. Figure 24 shows the principle of a di/dt current sensor.
-88.0
Preliminary Technical Data
MAGNETIC FIELD CREATED BY CURRENT (DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO CURRENT)
-88.5
PHASE (Degrees)
-89.0
+ EMF (ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE) - INDUCED BY CHANGES IN MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY (di/dt)
02875-0-035
-89.5
-90.0
Figure 24. Principle of a di/dt Current Sensor
The flux density of a magnetic field induced by a current is directly proportional to the magnitude of the current. The changes in the magnetic flux density passing through a conductor loop generate an electromotive force (EMF) between the two ends of the loop. The EMF is a voltage signal, which is proportional to the di/dt of the current. The voltage output from the di/dt current sensor is determined by the mutual inductance between the current-carrying conductor and the di/dt sensor. The current signal needs to be recovered from the di/dt signal before it can be used. An integrator is therefore necessary to restore the signal to its original form. The ADE7169F16 has a built-in digital integrator to recover the current signal from the di/dt sensor. The digital integrator on the Current Channel is switched off by default when the ADE7169F16 is powered up. Setting INTE bit in the MODE1 register (0x0B) turns on the integrator. Figure 25 to Figure 28 show the magnitude and phase response of the digital integrator.
10
-90.5 102 FREQ FREQUENCY (Hz) 103
02875-0-037
Figure 26. Combined Phase Response of the Digital Integrator and Phase Compensator
-1.0 -1.5 -2.0 -2.5
GAIN (dB)
-3.0 -3.5 -4.0 -4.5 -5.0 -5.5 -6.0 40 45 50 55 60 FREQUENCY (Hz) 65 70
02875-0-038
0
Figure 27. Combined Gain Response of the Digital Integrator and Phase Compensator (40 Hz to 70 Hz)
-10
GAIN (dB)
-89.70 -89.75
-20
-89.80 PHASE (Degrees)
-30
-89.85 -89.90 -89.95 -90.00
-40
-50 102 FREQUENCY (Hz) 103
02875-0-036
-90.05
Figure 25. Combined Gain Response of the Digital Integrator and Phase Compensator
40
45
50
55 60 FREQUENCY (Hz)
65
70
02875-0-039
Figure 28. Combined Phase Response of the Digital Integrator and Phase Compensator (40 Hz to 70 Hz)
Note that the integrator has a -20 dB/dec attenuation and an approximately -90 phase shift. When combined with a di/dt
Rev. PrD | Page 46 of 140
Preliminary Technical Data
sensor, the resulting magnitude and phase response should be a flat gain over the frequency band of interest. The di/dt sensor has a 20 dB/dec gain associated with it. It also generates significant high frequency noise, therefore a more effective antialiasing filter is needed to avoid noise due to aliasing--see the Anti-aliasing Filter section. When the digital integrator is switched off, the ADE7169F16 can be used directly with a conventional current sensor such as a current transformer (CT) or with a low resistance current shunt.
ADE7169F16
The zero-crossing detection also drives the ZX flag in the Interrupt Status Register 3 SFR (MIRQSTH, 0xDE). If the ZX bit in the Interrupt Enable Register 3 SFR (MIRQENH, 0xDB) is set, the 8052 core has a pending ADE interrupt. The ADE interrupt stays active until the ZX status bit is cleared--see Energy measurement interrupts section.
Zero-Crossing Timeout
The zero-crossing detection also has an associated timeout register, ZXTOUT. This unsigned, 12-bit register is decremented (1 LSB) every 160/MCLK seconds. The register is reset to its user programmed full-scale value every time a zero crossing is detected on the voltage channel. The default power on value in this register is 0xFFF. If the internal register decrements to 0 before a zero crossing is detected and the ZXTOUT flag in the Interrupt Status Register 3 SFR (MIRQSTH, 0xDE) is set. If the ZXTO bit in the Interrupt Enable Register 3 SFR (MIRQENH, 0xDB) is set, the 8052 core has a pending ADE interrupt. The ADE interrupt stays active until the ZXTO status bit is cleared--see Energy measurement interrupts section. The ZXOUT register (Address 0x11) can be written or read by the user--see Energy Measurement Register List. The resolution of the register is 160/MCLK seconds per LSB. Thus the maximum delay for an interrupt is 0.16 second (128/MCLK x 212) when MCLK = 4.096MHz. Figure 30 shows the mechanism of the zero-crossing timeout detection when the line voltage stays at a fixed dc level for more than CLKIN/160 x ZXTOUT seconds.
12-BIT INTERNAL REGISTER VALUE ZXTOUT
POWER QUALITY MEASUREMENTS
Zero-Crossing Detection
The ADE7169F16 has a zero-crossing detection circuit on the voltage channel. This zero crossing is used to produce an external zero-crossing signal (ZX), and it is also used in the calibration mode. The zero-crossing is generated, by default, from the output of LPF1. As explained in the following paragraph, this filter has a low cut-off frequency and is intended for use for 50 and 60Hz system. If needed this filter can be disabled to allow a higher frequency signal to be detected or to limit the group delay of the detection. If the voltage input fundamental frequency is below 60Hz and a time delay in ZX detection is acceptable, it is recommended to enable LPF1. Enabling LPF1 will limit the variability in the ZX detection by eliminating the high frequency components. Figure 29 shows how the zero-crossing signal is generated.
x1, x2, x4, REFERENCE x8, x16 {GAIN [7:5]} PGA2 VN ZERO CROSS LPF1 f-3dB = 63.7Hz ADC 2
VP V2
HPF
ZX
VOLTAGE CHANNEL
MODE1[6] 43.24 @ 60Hz ZX
1.0 0.73
ZXTO FLAG BIT
V2
LPF1
Figure 30. Zero-Crossing Timeout Detection
Figure 29. Zero-Crossing Detection on Voltage channel
Period or Frequency Measurements
The ADE7169F16 provides the period or frequency measurement of the line. The period or frequency measurement is selected by clearing or setting FREQSEL bit in the MODE2 register (0x0C). The period/frequency register is an unsigned 16-bit register and is updated every period. If LPF1 is enabled, a settling time of 1.8 seconds is associated with this filter before the measurement is stable.
The zero-crossing signal ZX is generated from the output of LPF1 (bypassed or not). LPF1 has a single pole at 63.7 Hz (at MCLK = 4.096 MHz). As a result, there is a phase lag between the analog input signal V2 and the output of LPF1. The phase lag response of LPF1 results in a time delay of approximately 2 ms (@ 60 Hz) between the zero crossing on the analog inputs of the voltage channel and ZX detection.
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ADE7169F16
When the period measurement is selected, the measurement has a 2.44 s/LSB (MCLK/10) when MCLK = 4.096 MHz, which represents 0.014% when the line frequency is 60 Hz. When the line frequency is 60 Hz, the value of the period register is approximately 0d6827. The length of the register enables the measurement of line frequencies as low as 12.5 Hz. The period register is stable at 1 LSB when the line is established and the measurement does not change. When the frequency measurement is selected, the measurement has a 0.0625 Hz/LSB resolution when MCLK = 4.096MHz which represents 0.104% when the line frequency is 60Hz. When the line frequency is 60Hz, the value of the frequency register is 0d960. The frequency register is stable at 4 LSB when the line is established and the measurement does not change. Sag Level Set
Preliminary Technical Data
The contents of the sag level register (2 bytes) are compared to the absolute value of the output from LPF1. Therefore, when LPF1 is enabled, writing 0x2038 to the SAG level register puts the sag detection level at full scale - see Figure 22. Writing 0x00 or 0x01 puts the sag detection level at 0. The SAG level register is compared to the input of the ZX detection and detection is made when the contents of the sag level register are greater.
Peak Detection
The ADE7169F16 can also be programmed to detect when the absolute value of the voltage or current channel exceeds a specified peak value. Figure 32 illustrates the behavior of the peak detection for the voltage channel. Both Voltage and Current Channels are monitored at the same time.
V2 VPKLVL[15:0]
Line Voltage Sag Detection
In addition to the detection of the loss of the line voltage signal (zero crossing), the ADE7169F16 can also be programmed to detect when the absolute value of the line voltage drops below a certain peak value for a number of line cycles. This condition is illustrated in Figure 31.
VOLTAGE CHANNEL FULL SCALE SAGLVL [15:0]
PKV RESET LOW WHEN RSTSTATUS REGISTER IS READ
PKV INTERRUPT FLAG READ RSTSTATUS REGISTER
SAG RESET LOW WHEN VOLTAGE CHANNEL EXCEEDS SAGLVL [15:0] AND SAG FLAG RESET
Figure 32. ADE7169F16 Peak Level Detection
SAGCYC [7:0] = 0x04 3 LINE CYCLES SAG FLAG
Figure 31. ADE7169F16 Sag Detection
Figure 31 shows the line voltage falling below a threshold that is set in the sag level register (SAGLVL[15:0]) for three line cycles. The quantities 0 and 1 are not valid for the SAGCYC register, and the contents represent one more than the desired number of full line cycles. For example, when the sag cycle (SAGCYC[7:0]) contains 0x04, the SAG flag in the Power Management Interrupt Flag SFR (IPSMF, 0xF8) is set at the end of the third line cycle for which the line voltage falls below the threshold. If the SAG enable bit in the Power Management Interrupt Enable SFR (IPSME, 0xEC) is set the 8052 core has a pending Power Supply Monitoring interrupt. The PSM interrupt stays active until the SAG status bit is cleared--see Power Supply Monitor Interrupt (PSM) section. On Figure 31, the SAG flag is set as soon as the fifth line cycle from the time when the signal on the Voltage channel first dropped below the threshold level.
Figure 32 shows a line voltage exceeding a threshold that is set in the voltage peak register (VPKLVL[15:0]). The voltage peak event is recorded by setting the PKV flag in the Interrupt Status Register 3 SFR (MIRQSTH, 0xDE). If the PKV enable bit is set in the Interrupt Enable Register 3 SFR (MIRQENH, 0xDB), the 8052 core has a pending ADE interrupt. Similarly, the current peak event is recorded by setting the PKI flag in Interrupt Status Register 3 SFR (MIRQSTH, 0xDE). The ADE interrupt stays active until the PKV or PKI status bits are cleared--see Energy measurement interrupts section. Peak Level Set The contents of the VPKLVL and IPKLVL registers are respectively compared to the absolute value of the voltage and current channels two most significant bytes. Thus, for example, the nominal maximum code from the Current Channel ADC with a full-scale signal is 0x28F5C2--see the Current Channel ADC section. Therefore, writing 0x28F5 to the IPKLVL register, for example, puts the current channel peak detection level at full scale and sets the current peak detection to its least sensitive value. Writing 0x00 puts the Current channel detection level at 0. The detection is done by comparing the contents of the IPKLVL register to the incoming Current channel sample. The PKI flag indicates that the peak level is exceeded if the PKI or
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Preliminary Technical Data
PKV bits are set in Interrupt Enable Register 3 SFR (MIRQENH, 0xDB), the 8052 core has a pending ADE interrupt.
ADE7169F16
channel. A time advance of 4.88 s is made by writing -4 (0x3C) to the time delay block, thus reducing the amount of time delay by 4.88 s, or equivalently, a phase lead of approximately 0.1 at line frequency of 60 Hz. 0x3C represents -4 because the register is centered with 0 at 0x40.
IPA I IN 24 VP V V 7 V 0.1 I 0 1 0010111 PHCAL [7:0] --231.93s TO +48.83s PGA2 1 ADC 2 DELAY BLOCK 1.22s/LSB CHANNEL 2 DELAY REDUCED BY 4.48s (0.1LEAD AT 60Hz) 0Bh IN PHCAL [5.0] V I PGA1 ADC 1 LPF2 HPF 24
Peak Level Record
The ADE7169F16 records the maximum absolute value reached by the voltage and current channels in two different registers-- IPEAK and VPEAK, respectively. VPEAK and IPEAK are 16-bit unsigned registers. These registers are updated each time the absolute value of the waveform sample from the corresponding channel is above the value stored in the VPEAK or IPEAK register. The contents of the VPEAK register correspond to the maximum absolute value observed on the voltage channel input. The contents of IPEAK and VPEAK represent the maximum absolute value observed on the Current and Voltage input respectively. Reading the RSTVPEAK and RSTIPEAK registers clears their respective contents after the read operation.
PHASE COMPENSATION
The ADE7169F16 must work with transducers, which could have inherent phase errors. For example, a phase error of 0.1 to 0.3 is not uncommon for a current transformer (CT). These phase errors can vary from part to part, and they must be corrected in order to perform accurate power calculations. The errors associated with phase mismatch are particularly noticeable at low power factors. The ADE7169F16 provides a means of digitally calibrating these small phase errors. The ADE7169F16 allows a small time delay or time advance to be introduced into the signal processing chain to compensate for small phase errors. Because the compensation is in time, this technique should be used only for small phase errors in the range of 0.1 to 0.5. Correcting large phase errors using a time shift technique can introduce significant phase errors at higher harmonics. The phase calibration register (PHCAL[7:0]) is a twos complement signed single-byte register that has values ranging from 0x82 (-126d) to 0x68 (104d). The register is centered at 0x40, so that writing 0x40 to the register gives 0 delay. By changing the PHCAL register, the time delay in the Voltage channel signal path can change from - 231.93 s to +48.83 s (MCLK = 4.096 MHz). One LSB is equivalent to 1.22 s (MCLK/5) time delay or advance. A line frequency of 60 Hz gives a phase resolution of 0.026 at the fundamental (i.e., 360 x 1.22 s x 60 Hz) or 0.00732% of the line period. Similarly, a line frequency of 50Hz gives a phase resolution of 0.022 at the fundamental or 0.0061% of the line period. Figure 33 illustrates how the phase compensation is used to remove a 0.1 phase lead in Current channel due to the external transducer. To cancel the lead (0.1) in Current channel, a phase lead must also be introduced into Voltage channel. The resolution of the phase adjustment allows the introduction of a phase lead in increment of 0.026. The phase lead is achieved by introducing a time advance into Voltage
60Hz 60Hz
Figure 33. Phase Calibration
ADE7169F16 RMS CALCULATION
Root mean square (rms) value of a continuous signal V(t) is defined as VRMS = Vrms =
1 x V 2 (t ) dt T
T
0
(2)
For time sampling signals, rms calculation involves squaring the signal, taking the average and obtaining the square root. The ADE7169F16 implements this method by serially squaring the input, averaging them and then taking the root square of the average. The averaging part of this signal processing is done by implementing a Low Pass filter (LPF3 in Figure 35 and Figure 36). This LPF has a -3dB cut-off frequency of 2Hz when MCLK = 4.096MHz. V(t) =
2 x V sin(t ) where: V is the rms voltage.
V 2 (t ) = V 2 - V 2 cos(2t )
When this signal goes through LPF3, the cos(2t) term is attenuated and only the DC term Vrms2 goes through - see Figure 34.
V 2 (t ) = V 2 - V 2 cos (2 t )
V(t)= INPUT
2 V sin( t)
LPF3 V
V 2 (t ) = V 2
Figure 34. ADE7169F16 RMS Signal Processing
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ADE7169F16
The rms signals can be read from the waveform register by setting the WAVMODE register (0x0D) and setting the WFSM bit in the Interrupt Enable Register 3 SFR (MIRQENH, 0xDB). Like the current and voltage channels waveform sampling modes, the waveform date is available at sample rates of 27.9 kSPS, 14 kSPS, 7 kSPS, or 3.5 kSPS. Important: When the current input is larger than 40% of Full scale, the Irms waveform sample register does not represent the true rms value processed. The rms value processed with this level of input is larger than the 24 bit read by the waveform register making the value read truncated on the high end.
Preliminary Technical Data
waveform sampling mode. The current channel rms value is stored in an unsigned 24-bit register (IRMS). One LSB of the current channel rms register is equivalent to one LSB of a current channel waveform sample. The update rate of the current channel rms measurement is MCLK/5. To minimize noise in the reading of the register, the Irms register can also be configured to be updated only with the zero crossing of the voltage input. This configuration is done by setting ZXRMS bit in the MODE2 register (0x0C). With the specified full-scale analog input signal of 0.5 V, the ADC produces an output code that is approximately 0d2,684,354--see the Current Channel ADC section. The equivalent rms value of a full-scale ac signal is 0d1,898,124 (0x1CF68C). The current rms measurement provided in the ADE7169F16 is accurate to within 0.5% for signal input between full scale and full scale/1000. The conversion from the register value to amps must be done externally in the microprocessor using an amps/LSB constant.
Current Channel RMS Calculation
The ADE7169F16 simultaneously calculates the rms values for the Current and Voltage channel in different registers. The current channel rms calculation is done on the channel selected by SEL_I_CH bits in the CALMODE register (0x3D). Figure 35 shows the detail of the signal processing chain for the rms calculation on the current channel. The current channel rms value is processed from the samples used in the current channel
60Hz
CURRENT CHANNEL WAVEFORM DATA RANGE WITH INTEGRATOR ON (60Hz)
0x2B7850 0x000000 0xD487B0
IRMSOS[11:0] MODE1[5] IA HPF DIGITAL INTEGRATOR* HPF IB dt HPF1 24 sgn 225 226 227 LPF3 + 218 217 216
IRMS(t) 0x00 24 IRMS[23:0]
CURRENT CHANNEL WAVEFORM DATA RANGE WITH INTEGRATOR OFF 0x28F5C2 0x000000 0xD70A3E
Figure 35. Current channel RMS Signal Processing
Current channel RMS Offset Compensation
The ADE7169F16 incorporates a current channel rms offset compensation register (IRMSOS). This is a 12-bit signed register that can be used to remove offset in the current channel rms calculation. An offset could exist in the rms calculation due to input noises that are integrated in the dc component of V2(t). The offset calibration allows the content of the IRMS register to
be maintained at 0 when no input is present on current channel. One LSB of the current channel rms offset is equivalent to 16,384 LSB of the square of the current channel rms register. Assuming that the maximum value from the current channel rms calculation is 0d1,898,124 with full-scale ac inputs, then 1 LSB of the current channel rms offset represents 0.23% of measurement error at -60 dB down of full scale.
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Preliminary Technical Data
IRMS =
ADE7169F16
(4) scale/20. The conversion from the register value to volts must be done externally in the microprocessor using a volts/LSB constant.
IRMS 0 + IRMSOS x 32768
2
where IRMS0 is the rms measurement without offset correction.
Voltage channel RMS Calculation
Figure 36 shows the details of the signal processing chain for the rms calculation on Voltage channel. The Voltage channel rms value is processed from the samples used in the Voltage channel waveform sampling mode. Voltage channel rms value is stored in the unsigned 24-bit VRMS register. The update rate of the Voltage channel rms measurement is MCLK/5. To minimize noise in the reading of the register, the Vrms register can also be configured to be updated only with the zero crossing of the voltage input. This configuration is done by setting ZXRMS bit in the MODE2 register (0x0C). With the specified full-scale ac analog input signal of 0.5 V, the output from the LPF1 swings between 0x28F5 and 0xD70B at 60 Hz--see the Voltage Channel ADC section. The equivalent rms value of this full-scale ac signal is approximately 0d1,898,124 (0x1CF68C) in the VRMS register. The voltage rms measurement provided in the ADE7169F16 is accurate to within 0.5% for signal input between full scale and full
Voltage channel RMS Offset Compensation
The ADE7169F16 incorporates a voltage channel rms offset compensation register (VRMSOS). This is a 12-bit signed register that can be used to remove offset in the voltage channel rms calculation. An offset could exist in the rms calculation due to input noises and dc offset in the input samples. The offset calibration allows the contents of the VRMS register to be maintained at 0 when no voltage is applied. One LSB of the voltage channel rms offset is equivalent to 64 LSB of the rms register. Assuming that the maximum value from the voltage channel rms calculation is 0d1,898,124 with full-scale ac inputs, then one LSB of the voltage channel rms offset represents 3.37% of measurement error at -60 dB down of full scale. VRMS = VRMS0 + 64 x VRMSOS where VRMS0 is the rms measurement without offset correction. (6)
VOLTAGE SIGNAL (V(t)) 0x28F5 0x0 0xD70B LPF1 VOLTAGE CHANNEL LPF3 + + VRMOS[11:0] sgn 216 215 28 27 26 VRMS[23:0] 0x00
0x28F5C2
Figure 36. Voltage channel RMS Signal Processing
ACTIVE POWER CALCULATION
Active power is defined as the rate of energy flow from source to load. It is defined as the product of the voltage and current waveforms. The resulting waveform is called the instantaneous power signal and is equal to the rate of energy flow at every instant of time. The unit of power is the watt or joules/sec. Equation 9 gives an expression for the instantaneous power signal in an ac system. v(t) = i(t) = where: V is the rms voltage. I is the rms current.
p (t ) = v (t ) x i (t )
p(t ) = VI - VI cos(2t )
2 x V sin(t ) 2 x I sin(t )
The average power over an integral number of line cycles (n) is given by the expression in Equation 10. P= where: T is the line cycle period. P is referred to as the active or real power. (7) (8) Note that the active power is equal to the dc component of the instantaneous power signal p(t) in Equation 9, i.e., VI. This is the relationship used to calculate active power in the ADE7169F16. The instantaneous power signal p(t) is generated by multiplying the current and voltage signals. The dc component of the instantaneous power signal is then extracted by LPF2 (low-pass filter) to obtain the active power information. This process is illustrated in Figure 37.
1 nT
nT 0
p (t )dt = VI
(10)
(9)
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ADE7169F16
INSTANTANEOUS POWER SIGNAL 0x19999A ACTIVE REAL POWER SIGNAL = v x i p(t) = vxi-vxixcos(2t)
Preliminary Technical Data
For example, when 0x7FF is written to the watt gain register, the power output is scaled up by 50%. 0x7FF = 2047d, 2047/212 = 0.5. Similarly, 0x800 = -2048d (signed twos complement) and power output is scaled by -50%. Each LSB scales the power output by 0.0244%. The minimum output range is given when the watt gain register contents are equal to 0x800, and the maximum range is given by writing 0x7FF to the watt gain register. This can be used to calibrate the active power (or energy) calculation in the ADE7169F16.
VI 0xCCCCD
0x00000 CURRENT i(t) = 2xixsin(t) VOLTAGE v(t) = 2xvxsin(t)
02875-0-060
Active power offset calibration
The ADE7169F16 also incorporates an active power offset register (WATTOS[15:0]). This is a signed twos complement 16-bit register that can be used to remove offsets in the active power calculation--see Figure 37. An offset could exist in the power calculation due to crosstalk between channels on the PCB or in the IC itself. The offset calibration allows the contents of the active power register to be maintained at 0 when no power is being consumed. The 256 LSBs (WATTOS = 0x0100) written to the active power offset register are equivalent to 1 LSB in the waveform sample register. Assuming the average value, output from LPF2 is 0xCCCCD (838,861d) when inputs on the voltage and current channels are both at full scale. At -60 dB down on the current channel (1/1000 of the current channel full-scale input), the average word value output from LPF2 is 838.861 (838,861/1,000). One LSB in the LPF2 output has a measurement error of 1/838.861 x 100% = 0.119% of the average value. The active power offset register has a resolution equal to 1/256 LSB of the waveform register, therefore the power offset correction resolution is 0.000464%/LSB (0.119%/256) at -60 dB.
Figure 37. Active Power Calculation
Since LPF2 does not have an ideal "brick wall" frequency response--see Figure 38, the active power signal has some ripple due to the instantaneous power signal. This ripple is sinusoidal and has a frequency equal to twice the line frequency. Because the ripple is sinusoidal in nature, it is removed when the active power signal is integrated to calculate energy--see the Active Energy Calculation section.
0
-4
-8
dB
-12
-16
Active power sign detection
The ADE7169F16 detects a change of sign in the active power. The APSIGN flag in the Interrupt Status Register 1 SFR (MIRQSTL, 0xDC) record when a change of sign according to bit APSIGN in the ACCMODE register (0x0F) has occurred. If the APSIGN bit is set in the Interrupt Enable Register 1 SFR (MIRQENL, 0xD9), the 8052 core has a pending ADE interrupt. The ADE interrupt stays active until the APSIGN status bit is cleared--see Energy measurement interrupts section. When APSIGN in the ACCMODE register (0x0F) is cleared (default), the APSIGN flag in the Interrupt Status Register 1 SFR (MIRQSTL, 0xDC) will be set when a transition from positive to negative active power has occurred. When APSIGN in the ACCMODE register (0x0F) is set, the APSIGN flag in the Interrupt Status Register 1 SFR (MIRQSTL, 0xDC) will be set when a transition from negative to positive active power has occurred.
-20
-24 1 3 10 FREQUENCY (Hz) 30 100
02875-0-061
Figure 38. Frequency Response of LPF2
Active power gain calibration
Figure 39 shows the signal processing chain for the active power calculation in the ADE7169F16. As explained, the active power is calculated by low-pass filtering the instantaneous power signal. Note that when reading the waveform samples from the output of LPF2, the gain of the active energy can be adjusted by using the multiplier and watt gain register (WGAIN[11:0]). The gain is adjusted by writing a twos complement 12-bit word to the watt gain register. Equation 11 shows how the gain adjustment is related to the contents of the watt gain register:
WGAIN Output WGAIN = Active Power x 1 + 212
(11)
Active power no-Load detection
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Preliminary Technical Data
The ADE7169F16 includes a no-load threshold feature on the active energy that eliminates any creep effects in the meter. The ADE7169F16 accomplishes this by not accumulating energy if the multiplier output is below the no-load threshold. When the active power is below the no-load threshold, the APNOLOAD flag in the Interrupt Status Register 1 SFR (MIRQSTL, 0xDC) is set. If the APNOLOAD bit is set in the Interrupt Enable Register 1 SFR (MIRQENL, 0xD9), the 8052 core has a pending ADE interrupt. The ADE interrupt stays active until the APNOLOAD status bit is cleared--see Energy measurement interrupts section. The No-load threshold level is selectable by setting bits
ADE7169F16
APNOLOAD in the NLMODE register (0x0E). Setting these bits to 0b00 disable the no-load detection and setting them to 0b01, 0b10 or 0b11 set the no-load detection threshold to 0.015%, 0.0075% and 0.0037% of the full-scale output frequency of the multiplier respectively. The IEC62053-21 specification, states that the meter must start up with a load equal to or less than 0.4% Ib. If the nominal voltage input and the maximum current represent 50% of the full scale ADC input and Imax = 400% of Ib, the ADE7169F16 no-load threshold options translate to 0.24% of Ib, 0.12% of Ib and 0.06% of Ib respectively.
FOR WAVEF0RM SAMPLING WATTOS[15:0] sgn 26 25 CURRENT CHANNEL LPF2 + + % + VOLTAGE CHANNEL ACTIVE POWER SIGNAL WGAIN[11:0] 2-6 2-7 2-8 WDIV[7:0] +
WATTHR[23:0] 23 0
UPPER 24 BITS ARE ACCESSIBLE THROUGH WATTHR[23:0] REGISTER
48
0
TO DIGITAL TO FREQUENCY CONVERTER WAVEFORM REGISTER VALUES
OUTPUTS FROM THE LPF2 ARE ACCUMULATED (INTEGRATED) IN THE INTERNAL ACTIVE ENERGY REGISTER
T
5 CLKIN
OUTPUT LPF2
TIME (nT)
Figure 39. ADE7169F16 Active Energy Calculation
Active Energy Calculation
As stated earlier, power is defined as the rate of energy flow. This relationship can be expressed mathematically in Equation 12.
this internal register. This discrete time accumulation or summation is equivalent to integration in continuous time. Equation 14 expresses the relationship.
P=
where:
dE dt
(12)
E = p (t )dt = Lim p (nT ) x T t 0 n =1
where: n is the discrete time sample number. T is the sample period.
(14)
P is power. E is energy. Conversely, energy is given as the integral of power.
E = Pdt
(13)
The ADE7169F16 achieves the integration of the active power signal by continuously accumulating the active power signal in an internal non-readable 49-bit energy register. The active energy register (WATTHR[23:0]) represents the upper 24 bits of
The discrete time sample period (T) for the accumulation register in the ADE7169F16 is 1.22s (5/MCLK). As well as calculating the energy, this integration removes any sinusoidal components that might be in the active power signal. Figure 39 shows this discrete time integration or accumulation. The active power signal in the waveform register is continuously added to the internal active energy register.
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ADE7169F16
The Active Energy accumulation depends on the setting of the POAM and ABSAM bits in the ACCMODE register (0x0F). When both bits are cleared, the addition is signed and therefore negative energy is subtracted from the active energy contents. When both bits are set, the ADE7169F16 is set to be in the more restrictive mode, the Positive Only Accumulation mode. When POAM bit in the ACCMODE register (0x0F) is set, only positive power contributes to the active energy accumulation -- see the Watt positive-only accumulation mode section. When ABSAM bit in the ACCMODE register (0x0F) is set, the absolute active power is used for the active energy accumulation -- see the Watt absolute accumulation mode section. The output of the multiplier is divided by WDIV. If the value in the WDIV register is equal to 0, then the internal active energy register is divided by 1. WDIV is an 8-bit unsigned register. After dividing by WDIV, the active energy is accumulated in a 49-bit internal energy accumulation register. The upper 24 bits of this register are accessible through a read to the active energy register (WATTHR[23:0]). A read to the RWATTHR register returns the content of the WATTHR register and the upper 24 bits of the internal register are cleared. As shown in Figure 39, the active power signal is accumulated in an internal 49-bit signed register. The active power signal can be read from the waveform register by setting the WAVMODE register (0x0D) and setting the WFSM bit in the Interrupt Enable Register 3 SFR (MIRQENH, 0xDB). Like the current and voltage channels waveform sampling modes, the waveform date is available at sample rates of 27.9 kSPS, 14 kSPS, 7 kSPS, or 3.5 kSPS. Figure 40 shows this energy accumulation for full-scale signals (sinusoidal) on the analog inputs. The three curves displayed illustrate the minimum period of time it takes the energy register to roll over when the active power gain register contents are 0x7FF, 0x000, and 0x800. The watt gain register is used to carry out power calibration in the ADE7169F16. As shown, the fastest integration time occurs when the watt gain register is set to maximum full scale, i.e., 0x7FF.
WATTHR [23:0] 0x7F,FFFF WGAIN = 0x7FF WGAIN = 0x000 WGAIN = 0x800
Preliminary Technical Data
Figure 40. Energy Register Rollover Time for Full-Scale Power (Minimum and Maximum Power Gain)
Note that the energy register contents rolls over to full-scale negative (0x800000) and continues to increase in value when the power or energy flow is positive--see Figure 40. Conversely, if the power is negative, the energy register underflows to fullscale positive (0x7FFFFF) and continues to decrease in value. By using the interrupt enable register, the ADE7169F16 can be configured to issue an ADE interrupt to the 8052 core when the active energy register is half-full (positive or negative) or when an overflow or underflow occurs.
Integration time under steady Load
As mentioned in the last section, the discrete time sample period (T) for the accumulation register is 1.22 s (5/CLKIN). With full-scale sinusoidal signals on the analog inputs and the WGAIN register set to 0x000, the average word value from each LPF2 is 0xCCCCD--see Figure 37. The maximum positive value that can be stored in the internal 49-bit register is 248 or 0xFFFF,FFFF,FFFF before it overflows. The integration time under these conditions with WDIV = 0 is calculated as follows: Time =
0 xFFFF, FFFF, FFFF x 1.22 s = 409.6 s = 6.82 min (15) 0 xCCCCD
When WDIV is set to a value different from 0, the integration time varies, as shown in Equation 16.
Time = TimeWDIV =0 x WDIV
(16)
Active energy accumulation modes
Watt signed accumulation mode The ADE7169F16 active energy default accumulation mode is a signed accumulation based on the active power information. Watt positive-only accumulation mode The ADE7169F16 is placed in positive-only accumulation mode by setting the POAM bit in the ACCMODE register (0x0F). In positive-only accumulation mode, the energy accumulation is done only for positive power, ignoring any occurrence of negative power above or below the no-load threshold, as shown in Figure 41. The CF pulse also reflects this accumulation method when in this mode. The default setting for this mode is off. Detection of the transitions in the direction of power flow, and no-load threshold are active in this mode.
0x3F,FFFF
0x00,0000
3.41
6.82
10.2
13.7
TIME (minutes)
0x40,0000
0x80,0000
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Preliminary Technical Data
ADE7169F16
Active Power Calculation section. This pulse frequency output uses the calibrated signal after WGAIN and its behavior is consistent with the setting of the active energy accumulation mode in the ACCMODE register (0x0F). The pulse output is active low and should be preferably connected to an LED as shown on Figure 53.
ACTIVE ENERGY
Line cycle active energy accumulation mode
NO-LOAD THRESHOLD ACTIVE POWER NO-LOAD THRESHOLD
APSIGN Flag POS NEG POS INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTERS
Figure 41. Energy Accumulation in Positive-Only Accumulation Mode
Watt absolute accumulation mode The ADE7169F16 is placed in absolute accumulation mode by setting the ABSAM bit in the ACCMODE register (0x0F). In absolute accumulation mode, the energy accumulation is done using the absolute active power, ignoring any occurrence of power below the no-load threshold, as shown in Figure 42. The CF pulse also reflects this accumulation method when in this mode. The default setting for this mode is off. Detection of the transitions in the direction of power flow, and no-load threshold are active in this mode.
ACTIVE ENERGY
In line cycle energy accumulation mode, the energy accumulation of the ADE7169F16 can be synchronized to the voltage channel zero crossing so that active energy can be accumulated over an integral number of half line cycles. The advantage of summing the active energy over an integer number of line cycles is that the sinusoidal component in the active energy is reduced to 0. This eliminates any ripple in the energy calculation. Energy is calculated more accurately and in a shorter time because the integration period can be shortened. By using the line cycle energy accumulation mode, the energy calibration can be greatly simplified, and the time required to calibrate the meter can be significantly reduced. In line cycle energy accumulation mode, the ADE7169F16 accumulates the active power signal in the LWATTHR register for an integral number of line cycles, as shown in Figure 44. The number of half line cycles is specified in the LINCYC register. The ADE7169F16 can accumulate active power for up to 65,535 half line cycles. Because the active power is integrated on an integral number of line cycles, at the end of a line cycle energy accumulation cycle the CYCEND flag in the Interrupt Status Register 3 SFR (MIRQSTH, 0xDE) is set. If the CYCEND enable bit in the Interrupt Enable Register 3 SFR (MIRQENH, 0xDB) is set, the 8052 core has a pending ADE interrupt. The ADE interrupt stays active until the CYCEND status bit is cleared--see Energy measurement interrupts section. Another calibration cycle will start as soon as the CYCEND flag is set. If the LWATTHR register is not read before a new CYCEND flag is set, the LWATTHR register will be overwritten by a new value. When a new half line cycles is written in LINECYC register, the LWATTHR register is reset and a new accumulation start at the next zero-crossing. The number of half line cycles is then counted until LINCYC is reached . This implementation provides a valid measurement at the first CYCEND interrupt after writing to the LINCYC register - see Figure 43. The line active energy accumulation uses the same signal path as the active energy accumulation. The LSB size of these two registers is equivalent.
NO-LOAD THRESHOLD ACTIVE POWER NO-LOAD THRESHOLD
APSIGN Flag APNOLOAD POS NEG POS APNOLOAD INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTERS
Figure 42. Energy Accumulation in Absolute Accumulation Mode
Active energy Pulse output
ADE7169F16 also provides all the circuitry to have a pulse output that frequency is proportional to Active power - see
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ADE7169F16
where:
LWATTHR REGISTER
Preliminary Technical Data
n is an integer. T is the line cycle period. Since the sinusoidal component is integrated over an integer number of line cycles, its value is always 0. Therefore,
nT
CYCEND IRQ
LINECYC VALUE
E=
Figure 43. Energy Accumulation when LINECYC changed
VIdt + 0
0
(21) (22)
From Equations 13 and 18,
nT VI E(t) = VI dt - cos (2ft)dt 2 f 0 0 1+ 8.9
nT
E(t) = VInT
(20)
TO DIGITAL TO FREQUENCY CONVERTER WGAIN[11:0] OUTPUT FROM LPF2 WATTOS[15:0] + + 48 0
%
WDIV[7:0] ACCUMULATE ACTIVE ENERGY IN INTERNAL REGISTER AND UPDATE THE LWATTHR REGISTER AT THE END OF LINCYC HALF LINE CYCLES
LPF1 FROM VOLTAGE CHANNEL ADC ZERO CROSS DETECTION CALIBRATION CONTROL
23 LWATTHR [23:0]
0
LINCYC [15:0]
Figure 44. Line Cycle Active Energy Accumulation
Note that in this mode, the 16-bit LINCYC register can hold a maximum value of 65,535. In other words, the line energy accumulation mode can be used to accumulate active energy for a maximum duration over 65,535 half line cycles. At 60 Hz line frequency, it translates to a total duration of 65,535/120 Hz = 546 seconds.
v(t) = i(t) =
2V sin(t + ) 2 I sin(t )
(23)
i(t ) = 2 I sin t + 2
(24)
REACTIVE POWER CALCULATION
Reactive power is defined as the product of the voltage and current waveforms when one of these signals is phase-shifted by 90. The resulting waveform is called the instantaneous reactive power signal. Equation 25 gives an expression for the instantaneous reactive power signal in an ac system when the phase of the current channel is shifted by +90.
where: is the phase difference between the voltage and current channel. V is the rms voltage. I is the rms current. q(t) = v(t) x i'(t) (25)
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Preliminary Technical Data
q(t) = VI sin () + VI sin (2t + ) The average reactive power over an integral number of lines (n) is given in Equation 26.
ADE7169F16
reactive energy can be adjusted by using the multiplier and var gain register (VARGAIN[11:0]). The gain is adjusted by writing a twos complement 12-bit word to the var gain register. Equation 11 shows how the gain adjustment is related to the contents of the watt gain register:
VARGAIN Output VARGAIN = Re active Power x 1 + 212
Q=
where:
1 nT
nT
q(t )dt = VI sin( )
0
(26)
(11)
T is the line cycle period. q is referred to as the reactive power. Note that the reactive power is equal to the dc component of the instantaneous reactive power signal q(t) in Equation 25. This is the relationship used to calculate reactive power in the ADE7169F16. The instantaneous reactive power signal q(t) is generated by multiplying Voltage and Current channels. In this case, the phase of Current channel is shifted by +90. The dc component of the instantaneous reactive power signal is then extracted by a low-pass filter in order to obtain the reactive power information - see Figure 45. In addition, the phase shifting filter has a non-unity magnitude response. Because the phase-shift filter has a large attenuation at high frequency, the reactive power is primarily for the calculation at line frequency. The effect of harmonics is largely ignored in the reactive power calculation. Note that because of the magnitude characteristic of the phase shifting filter, the weight of the reactive power is slightly different from the active power calculation - see Energy register scaling. The frequency response of the LPF in the reactive signal path is identical to that of the LPF2 used in the average active power calculation. Since LPF2 does not have an ideal "brick wall" frequency response--see Figure 38, the reactive power signal has some ripple due to the instantaneous reactive power signal. This ripple is sinusoidal and has a frequency equal to twice the line frequency. Because the ripple is sinusoidal in nature, it is removed when the reactive power signal is integrated to calculate energy--see the Reactive Power Calculation section. The reactive power signal can be read from the waveform register by setting the WAVMODE register (0x0D) and setting the WFSM bit in the Interrupt Enable Register 3 SFR (MIRQENH, 0xDB). Like the current and voltage channels waveform sampling modes, the waveform date is available at sample rates of 27.9 kSPS, 14 kSPS, 7 kSPS, or 3.5 kSPS.
The resolution of the VARGAIN register is the same as the WGAIN register - see Active power gain calibration section. VARGAIN can be used to calibrate the reactive power (or energy) calculation in the ADE7169F16.
Reactive power offset calibration
The ADE7169F16 also incorporates a reactive power offset register (VAROS[15:0]). This is a signed twos complement 16bit register that can be used to remove offsets in the reactive power calculation--see Figure 45. An offset could exist in the reactive power calculation due to crosstalk between channels on the PCB or in the IC itself. The offset calibration allows the contents of the reactive power register to be maintained at 0 when no power is being consumed. The 256 LSBs (VAROS = 0x100) written to the reactive power offset register are equivalent to 1 LSB in the waveform sample register.
Sign of Reactive Power Calculation
Note that the average reactive power is a signed calculation. The phase shift filter has -90 phase shift when the integrator is enabled, and +90 phase shift when the integrator is disabled. Table 41 summarizes the relationship between the phase difference between the voltage and the current and the sign of the resulting VAR calculation. Table 41. Sign of Reactive Power Calculation
Angle Between 0 to 90 Between -90 to 0 Between 0 to 90 Between -90 to 0 Integrator Off Off On On Sign Positive Negative Positive Negative
Reactive power sign detection
The ADE7169F16 detects a change of sign in the reactive power. The VARSIGN flag in the Interrupt Status Register 1 SFR (MIRQSTL, 0xDC) record when a change of sign according to bit VARSIGN in the ACCMODE register (0x0F) has occurred. If the VARSIGN bit is set in the Interrupt Enable Register 1 SFR (MIRQENL, 0xD9), the 8052 core has a pending ADE interrupt. The ADE interrupt stays active until the VARSIGN status bit is cleared--see Energy measurement interrupts section. When VARSIGN in the ACCMODE register (0x0F) is cleared
Reactive power gain calibration
Figure 45 shows the signal processing chain for the reactive power calculation in the ADE7169F16. As explained, the reactive power is calculated by low-pass filtering the instantaneous reactive power signal. Note that when reading the waveform samples from the output of LPF2, the gain of the
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ADE7169F16
(default), the VARSIGN flag in the Interrupt Status Register 1 SFR (MIRQSTL, 0xDC) will be set when a transition from positive to negative reactive power has occurred. When VARSIGN in the ACCMODE register (0x0F) is set, the VARSIGN flag in the Interrupt Status Register 1 SFR (MIRQSTL, 0xDC) will be set when a transition from negative to positive reactive power has occurred.
Preliminary Technical Data
threshold. When the reactive power is below the no-load threshold, the RNOLOAD flag in the Interrupt Status Register 1 SFR (MIRQSTL, 0xDC) is set. If the RNOLOAD bit is set in the Interrupt Enable Register 1 SFR (MIRQENL, 0xD9), the 8052 core has a pending ADE interrupt. The ADE interrupt stays active until the RNOLOAD status bit is cleared--see Energy measurement interrupts section. The No-load threshold level is selectable by setting bits RNOLOAD in the NLMODE register (0x0E). Setting these bits to 0b00 disable the no-load detection and setting them to 0b01, 0b10 or 0b11 set the no-load detection threshold to 0.015%, 0.0075% and 0.0037% of the full-scale output frequency of the multiplier respectively.
UPPER 24 BITS ARE ACCESSIBLE THROUGH VARHR[23:0] REGISTER
Reactive power no-Load detection
The ADE7169F16 includes a no-load threshold feature on the reactive energy that eliminates any creep effects in the meter. The ADE7169F16 accomplishes this by not accumulating reactive energy if the multiplier output is below the no-load
FOR WAVEF0RM SAMPLING 90 PHASE SHIFTING FILTER VAROS[15:0] sgn 26 25 LPF2 + VOLTAGE CHANNEL + % + PHCAL[7:0] VARGAIN[11:0] REACTIVE POWER SIGNAL 2-6 2-7 2-8 VARDIV[7:0] +
VARHR[23:0] 23 0
CURRENT CHANNEL
HPF
2
48
0
TO DIGITAL TO FREQUENCY CONVERTER WAVEFORM REGISTER VALUES
OUTPUTS FROM THE LPF2 ARE ACCUMULATED (INTEGRATED) IN THE INTERNAL REACTIVE ENERGY REGISTER
T
5 CLKIN
OUTPUT LPF2
TIME (nT)
Figure 45. ADE7169F16 Reactive Energy Calculation
Reactive Energy Calculation
As for active energy, the ADE7169F16 achieves the integration of the reactive power signal by continuously accumulating the reactive power signal in an internal non-readable 49-bit energy register. The reactive energy register (VARHR[23:0]) represents the upper 24 bits of this internal register. The discrete time sample period (T) for the accumulation register in the ADE7169F16 is 1.22s (5/MCLK). As well as calculating the energy, this integration removes any sinusoidal components that might be in the active power signal. Figure 45 shows this discrete time integration or accumulation. The reactive power signal in the waveform register is continuously added to the internal reactive energy register. The reactive Energy accumulation depends on the setting of the SAVARM and ABSVARM bits in the ACCMODE register (0x0F). When both bits are cleared, the addition is signed and
therefore negative energy is subtracted from the reactive energy contents. When both bits are set, the ADE7169F16 is set to be in the more restrictive mode, the Absolute Accumulation mode. When SAVARM bit in the ACCMODE register (0x0F) is set, the reactive power is accumulated depending on the sign of the active power. When active power is positive, the reactive power is added as it is to the reactive energy register. When active power is negative, the reactive power is subtracted to the reactive energy accumulator - see VAR anti-tamper accumulation mode. When ABSVARM bit in the ACCMODE register (0x0F) is set, the absolute reactive power is used for the reactive energy accumulation--see the VAR absolute accumulation mode section. The output of the multiplier is divided by VARDIV. If the value in the VARDIV register is equal to 0, then the internal reactive
Rev. PrD | Page 58 of 140
Preliminary Technical Data
energy register is divided by 1. VARDIV is an 8-bit unsigned register. After dividing by VARDIV, the reactive energy is accumulated in a 49-bit internal energy accumulation register. The upper 24 bits of this register are accessible through a read to the reactive energy register (VARHR[23:0]). A read to the RVARHR register returns the content of the VARHR register and the upper 24 bits of the internal register are cleared. As shown in Figure 45, the reactive power signal is accumulated in an internal 49-bit signed register. The reactive power signal can be read from the waveform register by setting the WAVMODE register (0x0D) and setting the WFSM bit in the Interrupt Enable Register 3 SFR (MIRQENH, 0xDB). Like the current and voltage channels waveform sampling modes, the waveform date is available at sample rates of 27.9 kSPS, 14 kSPS, 7 kSPS, or 3.5 kSPS. Figure 40 shows this energy accumulation for full-scale signals (sinusoidal) on the analog inputs. These curves also apply for the reactive energy accumulation Note that the energy register contents rolls over to full-scale negative (0x800000) and continues to increase in value when the power or energy flow is positive. Conversely, if the power is negative, the energy register underflows to full-scale positive (0x7FFFFF) and continues to decrease in value. By using the interrupt enable register, the ADE7169F16 can be configured to issue an ADE interrupt to the 8052 core when the reactive energy register is half-full (positive or negative) or when an overflow or underflow occurs.
ADE7169F16
(0x0F). In this mode, the reactive power is accumulated depending on the sign of the active power. When active power is positive, the reactive power is added as it is to the reactive energy register. When active power is negative, the reactive power is subtracted to the reactive energy accumulator - see Figure 46. The CF pulse also reflects this accumulation method when in this mode. The default setting for this mode is off. Transitions in the direction of power flow, and no-load threshold are active in this mode.
REACTIVE ENERGY
NO-LOAD THRESHOLD REACTIVE POWER NO-LOAD THRESHOLD
NO-LOAD THRESHOLD ACTIVE POWER NO-LOAD THRESHOLD
Integration time under steady Load
As mentioned in the active energy section, the discrete time sample period (T) for the accumulation register is 1.22 s (5/CLKIN). With full-scale sinusoidal signals on the analog inputs and the VARGAIN and VARDIV registers set to 0x000, the integration time before the reactive energy register overflows is calculated as follows: Time =
0 xFFFF, FFFF, FFFF x 1.22 s = 409.6 s = 6.82 min (15) 0 xCCCCD
APSIGN Flag POS NEG POS INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTERS
Figure 46. Reactive Energy Accumulation in Anti-tamper Accumulation Mode
VAR absolute accumulation mode The ADE7169F16 is placed in absolute accumulation mode by setting the ABSVARM bit in the ACCMODE register (0x0F). In absolute accumulation mode, the reactive energy accumulation is done using the absolute reactive power, ignoring any occurrence of power below the no-load threshold, as shown in Figure 42 for the active energy. The CF pulse also reflects this accumulation method when in this mode. The default setting for this mode is off. Transitions in the direction of power flow, and no-load threshold are active in this mode.
When VARDIV is set to a value different from 0, the integration time varies, as shown in Equation 16.
Time = Time
WDIV
=0
x VARDIV
(16)
Reactive energy accumulation modes
VAR signed accumulation mode The ADE7169F16 reactive energy default accumulation mode is a signed accumulation based on the reactive power information. VAR anti-tamper accumulation mode The ADE7169F16 is placed in VAR anti-tamper accumulation mode by setting the SAVARM bit in the ACCMODE register
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ADE7169F16
Preliminary Technical Data
Active energy Line cycle accumulation mode - see Line cycle active energy accumulation mode section. In line cycle energy accumulation mode, the ADE7169F16 accumulates the reactive power signal in the LVARHR register for an integral number of line cycles, as shown in Figure 48. The number of half line cycles is specified in the LINCYC register. The ADE7169F16 can accumulate active power for up to 65,535 half line cycles. Because the reactive power is integrated on an integral number of line cycles, at the end of a line cycle energy accumulation cycle the CYCEND flag in the Interrupt Status Register 3 SFR (MIRQSTH, 0xDE). If the CYCEND enable bit in the Interrupt Enable Register 3 SFR (MIRQENH, 0xDB) is set, the 8052 core has a pending ADE interrupt. The ADE interrupt stays active until the CYCEND status bit is cleared--see Energy measurement interrupts section. Another calibration cycle will start as soon as the CYCEND flag is set. If the LVARHR register is not read before a new CYCEND flag is set, the LVARHR register will be overwritten by a new value. As for LWATTHR, when a new half line cycles is written in LINCYC register, the LVARHR register is reset and a new accumulation start at the next zero-crossing. The number of half line cycles is then counted until LINCY is reached. This implementation provides a valid measurement at the first CYCEND interrupt after writing to the LINCYC register. The line reactive energy accumulation uses the same signal path as the reactive energy accumulation. The LSB size of these two registers is equivalent.
REACTIVE ENERGY
NO-LOAD THRESHOLD REACTIVE POWER NO-LOAD THRESHOLD
Figure 47. Reactive Energy Accumulation in Absolute Accumulation Mode
Reactive energy Pulse output
ADE7169F16 also provides all the circuitry to have a pulse output those frequency is proportional to reactive power - see Energy-to-Frequency Conversion section. This pulse frequency output uses the calibrated signal after VARGAIN and its behavior is consistent with the setting of the reactive energy accumulation mode in the ACCMODE register (0x0F). The pulse output is active low and should be preferably connected to an LED as shown on Figure 53.
Line cycle reactive energy accumulation mode
In line cycle energy accumulation mode, the energy accumulation of the ADE7169F16 can be synchronized to the voltage channel zero crossing so that reactive energy can be accumulated over an integral number of half line cycles. The advantage of this mode is similar to the ones explained in the
TO DIGITAL TO FREQUENCY CONVERTER VARGAIN[11:0] OUTPUT FROM LPF2 VAROS[15:0] + +
48
0
%
VARDIV[7:0] ACCUMULATE REACTIVE ENERGY IN INTERNAL REGISTER AND UPDATE THE LVARHR REGISTER AT THE END OF LINCYC HALF LINE CYCLES
LPF1 FROM VOLTAGE CHANNEL ADC ZERO CROSS DETECTION CALIBRATION CONTROL
23 LVARHR [23:0]
0
LINCYC [15:0]
Figure 48 Line Cycle . Reactive Energy Accumulation Mode
APPARENT POWER CALCULATION
The apparent power is defined as the maximum power that can
be delivered to a load. Vrms and Irms are the effective voltage and current delivered to the load; the apparent power (AP) is defined
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Preliminary Technical Data
as Vrms x Irms. Equation 28 gives an expression of the instantaneous power signal in an ac system with a phase shift.
v(t ) = 2 Vrms sin( t )
ADE7169F16
value--see Current Channel RMS Calculation and Voltage channel RMS Calculation sections. The voltage and current channels rms values are then multiplied together in the apparent power signal processing. Since no additional offsets are created in the multiplication of the rms values, there is no specific offset compensation in the apparent power signal processing. The offset compensation of the apparent power measurement is done by calibrating each individual rms measurement.
i(t) =
2 I rms sin(t + )
(27)
p (t ) = v (t ) x i (t )
p(t) = Vrms I rms cos() - Vrms I rms cos(2t + ) (28)
Apparent Energy Calculation
The apparent energy is given as the integral of the apparent power.
Apparent Energy = Apparent Power (t ) dt
The apparent power is defined as Vrms x Irms. This expression is independent from the phase angle between the current and the voltage. Figure 49 illustrates the signal processing in each phase for the calculation of the apparent power in the ADE7169F16.
Irms CURRENT RMS SIGNAL - i(t) 0x1CF68C 0x00 Vrms VOLTAGE RMS SIGNAL - v(t) 0x1CF68C 0x00 TO DIGITAL TO FREQUENCY CONVERTER VAGAIN MULTIPLIER APPARENT POWER SIGNAL (P) 0x1A36E2
(30)
The ADE7169F16 achieves the integration of the apparent power signal by continuously accumulating the apparent power signal in an internal 48-bit register. The apparent energy register (VAHR[23:0]) represents the upper 24 bits of this internal register. This discrete time accumulation or summation is equivalent to integration in continuous time. Equation 31 expresses the relationship
Apparent Energy = Lim Apparent Power ( nT ) x T T 0 n =0
(31)
Figure 49. Apparent Power Signal Processing
The apparent power signal can be read from the waveform register by setting the WAVMODE register (0x0D) and setting the WFSM bit in the Interrupt Enable Register 3 SFR (MIRQENH, 0xDB). Like the current and voltage channels waveform sampling modes, the waveform date is available at sample rates of 27.9 kSPS, 14 kSPS, 7 kSPS, or 3.5 kSPS. The gain of the apparent energy can be adjusted by using the multiplier and VAGAIN register (VAGAIN[11:0]). The gain is adjusted by writing a twos complement, 12-bit word to the VAGAIN register. Equation 29 shows how the gain adjustment is related to the contents of the VAGAIN register.
where: n is the discrete time sample number. T is the sample period. The discrete time sample period (T) for the accumulation register in the ADE7169F16 is 1.22 s (5/MCLK). Figure 50 shows this discrete time integration or accumulation. The apparent power signal is continuously added to the internal register. This addition is a signed addition even if the apparent energy remains theoretically always positive. The 49 bits of the internal register are divided by VADIV. If the value in the VADIV register is 0, then the internal apparent energy register is divided by 1. VADIV is an 8-bit unsigned register. The upper 24 bits are then written in the 24-bit apparent energy register (VAHR[23:0]). RVAHR register (24 bits long) is provided to read the apparent energy. This register is reset to 0 after a read operation.
VAGAIN OutputVAGAIN = Apparent Power x 1 + (29) 212
For example, when 0x7FF is written to the VAGAIN register, the power output is scaled up by 50%. 0x7FF = 2047d, 2047/212 = 0.5. Similarly, 0x800 = -2047d (signed twos complement) and power output is scaled by -50%. Each LSB represents 0.0244% of the power output. The apparent power is calculated with the current and voltage rms values obtained in the rms blocks of the ADE7169F16.
Apparent Power Offset Calibration
Each rms measurement includes an offset compensation register to calibrate and eliminate the dc component in the rms
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ADE7169F16
VAHR[23:0] 23 0
Preliminary Technical Data
time varies, as shown in Equation 33. Time = TimeWDIV = 0 x VADIV
48 0
(33)
Apparent energy Pulse output
ADE7169F16 also provides all the circuitry to have a pulse output those frequency is proportional to apparent power - see Energy-to-Frequency Conversion section. This pulse frequency output uses the calibrated signal after VAGAIN. This output can also be used to output a pulse those frequency is proportional to Irms. The pulse output is active low and should be preferably connected to an LED as shown on Figure 53.
VADIV
%
APPARENT POWER
+ +
48
0
APPARENT POWER SIGNAL = P T
APPARENT POWER ARE ACCUMULATED (INTEGRATED) IN THE APPARENT ENERGY REGISTER
Line Apparent Energy Accumulation
The ADE7169F16 is designed with a special apparent energy accumulation mode, which simplifies the calibration process. By using the on-chip zero-crossing detection, the ADE7169F16 accumulates the apparent power signal in the LVAHR register for an integral number of half cycles, as shown in Figure 51. The line apparent energy accumulation mode is always active. The number of half line cycles is specified in the LINCYC register, which is an unsigned 16-bit register. The ADE7169F16 can accumulate apparent power for up to 65535 combined half cycles. Because the apparent power is integrated on the same integral number of line cycles as the line active and reactive energy register, these values can be compared easily. The energies are calculated more accurately because of this precise timing control and provide all the information needed for reactive power and power factor calculation. At the end of an energy calibration cycle, the CYCEND flag in the Interrupt Status Register 3 SFR (MIRQSTH, 0xDE) is set. If the CYCEND enable bit in the Interrupt Enable Register 3 SFR (MIRQENH, 0xDB) is enabled, the 8052 core has a pending ADE interrupt. As for LWATTHR, when a new half line cycles is written in LINECYC register, the LVAHR register is reset and a new accumulation start at the next zero-crossing. The number of half line cycles is then counted until LINCY is reached. This implementation provides a valid measurement at the first CYCEND interrupt after writing to the LINCYC register. The line apparent energy accumulation uses the same signal path as the apparent energy accumulation. The LSB size of these two registers is equivalent.
TIME (nT)
Figure 50. ADE7169F16 Apparent Energy Calculation
Note that the apparent energy register is unsigned. By setting the VAEHF and VAEOF bits in the Interrupt Enable Register 2 SFR (MIRQENM, 0xDA), the ADE7169F16 can be configured to issue an ADE interrupt to the 8052 core when the apparent energy register is half full or when an overflow occurs. The half full interrupt for the unsigned apparent energy register is based on 24 bits as opposed to 23 bits for the signed active energy register.
Integration Times under Steady Load
As mentioned in the last section, the discrete time sample period (T) for the accumulation register is 1.22 s (5/MCLK). With full-scale sinusoidal signals on the analog inputs and the VAGAIN register set to 0x000, the average word value from apparent power stage is 0x1A36E2--see the section. The maximum value that can be stored in the apparent energy register before it overflows is 224 or 0xFF,FFFF. The average word value is added to the internal register, which can store 248 or 0xFFFF,FFFF,FFFF before it overflows. Therefore, the integration time under these conditions with VADIV = 0 is calculated as follows: Time =
0 xFFFF, FFFF, FFFF x 1.22 s = 199 s = 3.33 min (32) 0 xD 055
When VADIV is set to a value different from 0, the integration
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Preliminary Technical Data
APPARENT POWER + % + 48 0
ADE7169F16
VADIV[7:0]
LVAHR REGISTER IS UPDATED EVERY LINCYC ZERO CROSSINGS WITH THE TOTAL APPARENT ENERGY DURING THAT DURATION 23 0 LVAHR [23:0]
LPF1 FROM VOLTAGE CHANNEL ADC ZERO-CROSSING DETECTION CALIBRATION CONTROL
LINCYC [15:0]
Figure 51. ADE7169F16 Line cycle Apparent Energy Accumulation
Apparent power no-Load detection
The ADE7169F16 includes a no-load threshold feature on the apparent energy that eliminates any creep effects in the meter. The ADE7169F16 accomplishes this by not accumulating energy if the multiplier output is below the no-load threshold. When the apparent power is below the no-load threshold, the VANOLOAD flag in the Interrupt Status Register 1 SFR (MIRQSTL, 0xDC) is set. If the VANOLOAD bit is set in the Interrupt Enable Register 1 SFR (MIRQENL, 0xD9), the 8052 core has a pending ADE interrupt. The ADE interrupt stays active until the APNOLOAD status bit is cleared--see Energy measurement interrupts section. The No-load threshold level is selectable by setting bits VANOLOAD in the NLMODE register (0x0E). Setting these bits to 0b00 disable the no-load detection and setting them to 0b01, 0b10 or 0b11 set the no-load detection threshold to 0.030%, 0.015% and 0.0075% of the full-scale output frequency of the multiplier respectively. This no-load threshold can also be applied to the Irms pulse output when selected. The level of no-load threshold is the same as for the Apparent energy in this case.
MODE2 Register 0x0C CFxSEL[1:0] VARMSCFCON Irms VA VAR WATT
CFxNUM
DFC
CFxDEN
CFx Pulse output
Figure 52. ADE7169F16 Energy-to-Frequency Conversion
Two digital-to-frequency converters (DFC) are used to generate the pulsed outputs. When WDIV =0 or 1, the DFC generates a pulse each time 1 LSB in the energy register is accumulated. An output pulse is generated when CFxDEN/CFxNUM number of pulses are generated at the DFC output. Under steady load conditions, the output frequency is proportional to the active, reactive, Apparent power or Irms depending on the CFxSEL bit in the MODE2 register (0x0C). Both pulse outputs can be enabled or disabled by clearing or setting respectively bits DISCF1 and DISCF2 in the MODE1 register (0x0B). Both pulse outputs set a separate flag in the Interrupt Status Register 2 SFR (MIRQSTM, 0xDD), CF1 and CF2. If CF1 and CF2 enable bits in the Interrupt Enable Register 2 SFR (MIRQENM, 0xDA) are set, the 8052 core has a pending ADE interrupt. The ADE interrupt stays active until the CF1 or CF2 status bits are cleared--see Energy measurement interrupts section.
ENERGY-TO-FREQUENCY CONVERSION
ADE7169F16 also provides two energy-to-frequency conversions for calibration purposes. After initial calibration at manufacturing, the manufacturer or end customer often verify the energy meter calibration. One convenient way to verify the meter calibration is for the manufacturer to provide an output frequency, which is proportional to the active, reactive, apparent power or Irms under steady load conditions. This output frequency can provide a simple, single-wire, optically isolated interface to external calibration equipment. Figure 52 illustrates the energy-to-frequency conversion in the ADE7169F16.
Pulse output configuration
The two pulse outputs circuitry have separate configuration bits in the MODE2 register (0x0C). Setting CFxSEL bits to 0b00, 0b01 or 0b1x configure the DFC to create a pulse output
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ADE7169F16
proportional to Active power, reactive power, or Apparent/Irms respectively. The selection between Irms and Apparent power is done by the VARMSCFCON bit in the MODE2 register (0x0C). With this selection, CF2 cannot be proportional to apparent power if CF1 is proportional to Irms and vice-versa.
Preliminary Technical Data
no need to do reactive or apparent gai adjustment. Table 42. Energy Registers scaling Line Frequency = 50Hz Integrator OFF VAR = 0.9952 x WATT VA = 0.9978 x WATT Integrator ON VAR = 0.9997 x WATT VA = 0.9977 x WATT VAR = 0.9999 x WATT VA = 1.0015 x WATT VAR = 0.9949 x WATT VA = 1.0015 x WATT Line Frequency = 60Hz
Pulse output characteristic
The pulse output for both DFC stays low for 90ms if the pulse period is larger than 180ms (5.56Hz). If the pulse period is smaller than 180ms, the duty cycle of the pulse output is 50%. The pulse output is active low and should be preferably connected to an LED as shown on Figure 53.
VDD CF
Table 43. Gain compensation adjustments Line Frequency = 50Hz Integrator OFF Line Frequency = 60Hz
Figure 53. CF Pulse output
VARGAIN = 19.76 + WGAIN/0.9952 VAGAIN = 9.03 + WGAIN/0.9978 Integrator ON VARGAIN = 1.23 + WGAIN/0.9997 VAGAIN = 9.44 + WGAIN/0.9977
VARGAIN = 21 + WGAIN/0.9949 VAGAIN = -60.53 + WGAIN/1.0015
The maximum output frequency, with ac input signals at full scale and CFxNUM = 0x00 and CFxDEN = 0x00, is approximately 21.1 kHz. The ADE7169F16 incorporates two registers, CFxNUM[15:0] and CFxDEN[15:0] per DFC, to set the CFx frequency. These are unsigned 16-bit registers, which can be used to adjust the CFx frequency to a wide range of values. These frequencyscaling registers are 16-bit registers, which can scale the output frequency by 1/216 to 1 with a step of 1/216. If the value 0 is written to any of these registers, the value 1 would be applied to the register. The ratio CFxNUM / CFxDEN should be smaller than 1 to ensure proper operation. If the ratio of the registers CFxNUM / CFxDEN is greater than 1, the register values would be adjusted to a ratio of 1. For example, if the output frequency is 1.562 kHz while the contents of CFxDEN are 0 (0x000), then the output frequency can be set to 6.1 Hz by writing 0xFF to the CFxDEN register.
VARGAIN = 0.41 + WGAIN/0.9999 VAGAIN = -60.53 + WGAIN/1.0015
ENERGY MEASUREMENT INTERRUPTS
The Energy Measurement part of the ADE7169F16 has its own interrupt vector for the 8052 core - Vector address 0x004B - see Interrupt Vectors section. The bits set in the Interrupt Enable Register 1 SFR (MIRQENL, 0xD9), Interrupt Enable Register 2 SFR (MIRQENM, 0xDA), and Interrupt Enable Register 3 SFR (MIRQENH, 0xDB) enables the energy measurement interrupts that are allowed to interrupt the 8052 core. If an event is not enabled, it cannot create a system interrupt. The ADE interrupt stays active until the status bit that has created the interrupt is cleared. Two methods can be used to clear the ADE interrupt: - When bit 6 (ADEIAUTCLR) of the Power Management Interrupt Enable SFR (IPSME, 0xEC) is set, all the status bits of the ADE irq status register (1, 2 or 3) are cleared when the register is read. - When bit 6 (ADEIAUTCLR) of the Power Management
ENERGY REGISTER SCALING
The ADE7169F16 provides measurements of active, reactive, and apparent energies that use separate paths and filtering for calculation. The difference in data paths can result in small differences in LSB weight between active, reactive and apparent energy registers. These measurements are internally compensated so the scaling is nearly one to one. The relationship between the registers is show in Table 42. In Table 43, the relationship between WATTGAIN, VARGAIN and VAGAIN is given. These relationships can be used for calibration and simplify the adjustment of VAR and VA gains. As VAR and VA gains can be deducted from WGAIN, there is
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Preliminary Technical Data
Interrupt Enable SFR (IPSME, 0xEC) is cleared, a status bit of the ADE irq status register (1, 2 or 3) is cleared when a zero is written to this register bit.
ADE7169F16
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Preliminary Technical Data TEMPERATURE, BATTERY AND SUPPLY VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS
The ADE7169F16 includes temperature measurements as well as battery and supply voltage measurements. These measurements enable many forms of compensation. The temperature and supply voltage measurements can be used to compensate external circuitry. The RTC can be calibrated over temperature to ensure that it doesn't drift. Supply voltage measurements allow the LCD contrast to be maintained despite Table 44. Temperature, Battery and Supply voltage measurement SFRs SFR address (hex) 0xF9 0xF3 0xD8 0xFA 0xEF 0xDF 0xD7 R/W Name Description
ADE7169F16
variations in voltage. Battery measurements allow low battery detection to be performed. All ADC measurements are configured through the SFR detailed in Table 44. The temperature, battery and supply voltage measurements can be configured to still be functional in PSM1 and PSM2. This is done bit setting bit RTCEN in the RTC Configuration SFR (TIMECON, 0xA1). Maintaining the temperature measurement active ensures that it is not necessary to wait for the temperature measurement to settle before using it for compensation.
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
STRBPER DIFFPROG ADCGO BATVTH VSWADC BATADC TEMPADC
Strobing period configuration Temperature and supply Delta configuration ADC start configuration Battery threshold configuration VSW ADC value Battery ADC value Temperature ADC value
Table 45. Peripheral ADC Strobe Period SFR (STRBPER, 0xF9)
Note: The strobing option only work when the RTCEN bit in RTC Configuration SFR (TIMECON, 0xA1) is set. Bit Bit Default Description Value Location Mnemonic 7-6 5-4 Reserved VSW_PERIOD[1:0] 0 Reserved Period for background supply voltage measurements VSW_PERIOD[1:0] 0 0 No VSW measurement 0 1 8 minutes 1 0 2 minutes 1 1 1 minute Period for background battery level measurements BATT_PERIOD[1:0] 0 0 No Battery measurement 0 1 16 minutes 1 0 4 minutes 1 1 1 minute Period for background temperature measurements TEMP_PERIOD[1:0] 0 0 No Temperature measurements 0 1 8 minutes 1 0 2 minutes
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3-2
BATT_PERIOD[1:0]
0
1-0
TEMP_PERIOD[1:0]
0
Preliminary Technical Data
1 1 1 minute
ADE7169F16
Table 46. Temperature and Supply Delta SFR (DIFFPROG, 0xF3)
Bit Location 7-6 5-3 Bit Mnemonic Reserved TEMP_DIFF[2:0] Default Value 0 0 Description Reserved Difference threshold between last temperature measurement interrupting 8052 and new temperature measurement that should interrupt 8052 TEMP_DIFF[2:0] 0 0 0 No Interrupt 0 0 1 < 1 LSB ( 0.8C) 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 LSB ( 1.6C) 1 0 0 1 0 1 2 LSB ( 3.2C) 1 1 0 1 1 1 Every Temperature measurement Difference threshold between last supply voltage measurement interrupting 8052 and new temperature measurement that should interrupt 8052 VSW_DIFF[2:0] 0 0 0 No Interrupt 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
2-0
VSW_DIFF[2:0]
0
< 1 LSB ( 15mV)
1 LSB ( 120 mV)
Every VSW measurement
Table 47. Start ADC Measurement SFR (ADCGO, 0xD8)
Bit Location 7 6-3 2 1 0 Bit Addr. 0xDF 0xDE - 0xDB 0xDA 0xD9 0xD8 Bit Name PLLACK Reserved VADC TADC BTADC Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 Description Set this bit to clear the PLL fault bit, PLL_FLT in the PERIPH register. A PLL fault is generated if a reset was caused because the PLL lost lock. Reserved Set this bit to initiate a supply voltage measurement. This bit will be cleared when the measurement request is received by the ADC. Set this bit to initiate a temperature measurement. This bit will be cleared when the measurement request is received by the ADC. Set this bit to initiate a battery measurement. This bit will be cleared when the measurement request is received by the ADC.
Table 48. Battery detection threshold SFR (BATVTH, 0xFA)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic BATVTH Default Value 0 Description The battery ADC value is compared to this register, the battery threshold register. If BATADC is lower than the threshold, an interrupt is generated.
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ADE7169F16
Table 49. VSW ADC value SFR (VSWADC, 0xEF)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic VSWADC Default Value 0 Description
Preliminary Technical Data
The VSW ADC value in this register is updated when an ADC interrupt occurs.
Table 50. Battery ADC value SFR (BATADC, 0xDF)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic BATADC Default Value 0 Description The battery ADC value in this register is updated when an ADC interrupt occurs.
Table 51. Temperature ADC value SFR (TEMPADC, 0xD7)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic TEMPADC Default Value 0 Description The temperature ADC value in this register is updated when an ADC interrupt occurs.
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
To provide a digital temperature measurement, the ADE7169F16 includes a dedicated ADC. An 8-bit Temperature ADC value SFR (TEMPADC, 0xD7) holds the results of the temperature conversion. The resolution of the temperature measurement is TBDC/LSB. There are two ways to initiate a temperature conversion: - Single Temperature Measurement - Background Temperature Measurements
To set up background temperature measurements: 1. Initiate a single temperature measurement by setting the TEMP_ADC_GO bit in the Start ADC Measurement SFR (ADCGO, 0xD8). Upon completion of this measurement, configure the TEMP_DIFF[2:0] bits to establish the change in temperature that will trigger an interrupt. Set up the interval for background temperature measurements by configuring the TEMP_PERIOD[1:0] bits.
2.
3.
Single Temperature Measurement
Set the TEMP_ADC_GO bit in the Start ADC Measurement SFR (ADCGO, 0xD8) to get a temperature measurement. An interrupt will be generated when the conversion is done and the temperature measurement is available in the Temperature ADC value SFR (TEMPADC, 0xD7).
Temperature ADC in PSM1 and PSM2
Depending on the operating mode of the ADE7169F16, a temperature conversion is initiated only by certain actions: PSM0: In this operating mode, the 8052 is active. Temperature measurements are available in the background measurement mode and by initiating a single measurement. PSM1: In this operating mode, the 8052 is active and the part is powered from battery. Single temperature measurements can be initiated by setting the TEMP_ADC_GO bit in the Start ADC Measurement SFR (ADCGO, 0xD8). Background temperature measurements are not available. PSM2: In this operating mode, the 8052 is not active. Temperature conversions are available through the background measurement mode only. The Temperature ADC value SFR (TEMPADC, 0xD7) is updated with a new value only when a temperature ADC interrupt occurs.
Background Temperature Measurements
Background temperature measurements are disabled by default. To configure the background temperature measurement mode, set a temperature measurement interval in the Peripheral ADC Strobe Period SFR (STRBPER, 0xF9). Then temperature measurements will be performed periodically in the background - see Table 45. When a temperature conversion completes, the new temperature ADC value is compared to the last temperature ADC value that created an interrupt. If the absolute difference between the two values is greater than the setting in the TEMP_DIFF bits in the Temperature and Supply Delta SFR (DIFFPROG, 0xF3), a TEMPADC interrupt is generated. This allows temperature measurements to take place completely in the background, only requiring MCU activity if the temperature has changed more than a configurable delta.
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Preliminary Technical Data
Temperature ADC interrupt
The temperature ADC can generate an ADC interrupt when at least one of the following conditions occurs: - The difference between the new temperature ADC value and the last temperature ADC value generating an ADC interrupt is larger than the value set in the TEMP_DIFF bits. - The Temperature ADC conversion, initiated by setting Start ADC Measurement SFR (ADCGO, 0xD8), is finished. When the ADC interrupt occurs, a new value is available in the Temperature ADC value SFR (TEMPADC, 0xD7). Note that there is no flag associated with this interrupt. 2.
ADE7169F16
the BATTFLAG in the Power Management Interrupt Flag SFR (IPSMF, 0xF8) will be set. Set up the interval for background battery measurements by configuring the BATT_PERIOD[1:0] bits.
Battery ADC in PSM1 and PSM2
Depending on the operating mode, a battery conversion is initiated only by certain actions: PSM0: In this operating mode, the 8052 is active. Battery measurements are available in the background measurement mode and by initiating a single measurement. PSM1: In this operating mode, the 8052 is active and the part is powered from battery. Single battery measurements can be initiated by setting the BATT_ADC_GO bit in the Start ADC Measurement SFR (ADCGO, 0xD8). Background battery measurements are not available. PSM2: In this operating mode, the 8052 is not active. Battery conversions are available through the background measurement mode only.
BATTERY MEASUREMENT
To provide a digital battery measurement, the ADE7169F16 includes a dedicated ADC. The battery measurement is available in an 8-bit SFR (Battery ADC value SFR (BATADC, 0xDF). The battery measurement has a resolution of 15 mV/LSB. A battery conversion can be initiated by two methods: - Single Battery Measurement - Background Battery Measurements
Battery ADC interrupt
The battery ADC can generate an ADC interrupt when at least one of the following conditions occurs: - The new battery ADC value is smaller than the value set in the Battery detection threshold SFR (BATVTH, 0xFA), indicating a battery voltage loss. - A single battery measurement, initiated by setting the BATT_ADC_GO bit, is finished. When the battery flag is set in the Power Management Interrupt Flag SFR (IPSMF, 0xF8), a new ADC value is available in the Battery ADC value SFR (BATADC, 0xDF). This battery flag can be enabled as a source of the PSM interrupt to generate a PSM interrupt every time the battery drops below a set voltage threshold or after a single conversion initiated by setting the BATT_ADC_GO bit is ready. The Battery ADC value SFR (BATADC, 0xDF) is updated with a new value only when the Battery flag is set in the Power Management Interrupt Flag SFR (IPSMF, 0xF8).
Single Battery Measurement
Set the BATT_ADC_GO bit in the Start ADC Measurement SFR (ADCGO, 0xD8) to get a battery measurement. An interrupt will be generated when the conversion is done and the battery measurement is available in the Battery ADC value SFR (BATADC, 0xDF).
Background Battery measurements
To configure background measurements for the battery, establish a measurement interval in the Peripheral ADC Strobe Period SFR (STRBPER, 0xF9). Then battery measurements will be performed periodically in the background - see Table 45. When a battery conversion completes, the battery ADC value is compared to the low battery threshold, established in the Battery detection threshold SFR (BATVTH, 0xFA). If it is below this threshold, a low battery flag is set. This low battery flag is the BATTFLAG bit in the Power Management Interrupt Flag SFR (IPSMF, 0xF8), used for power supply monitoring. This low battery flag can be enabled to generate the PSM interrupt by setting the EBATT bit in the Power Management Interrupt Enable SFR (IPSME, 0xEC). This method allows battery measurements to take place completely in the background, only requiring MCU activity if the battery drops below a user specified threshold. To set up background battery measurements: 1. Configure the Battery detection threshold SFR (BATVTH, 0xFA) to establish a low battery threshold. If the BATADC measurement is below this threshold,
SUPPLY VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT
To provide a digital supply voltage measurement, the ADE7169F16 includes a dedicated ADC. An 8-bit SFR (Table 49. VSW ADC value SFR (VSWADC, 0xEF)) holds the results of the conversion. The resolution of the supply voltage measurement is TBD V/LSB. There are two ways to initiate a supply voltage conversion: - Single Supply Voltage Measurement
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ADE7169F16
- Background Supply Voltage Measurements 3.
Preliminary Technical Data
Set up the interval for background supply voltage measurements by configuring the VSW_PERIOD[1:0] bits.
Single Supply voltage Measurement
Set the VSW_ADC_GO bit in the Start ADC Measurement SFR (ADCGO, 0xD8) to get a supply voltage measurement. An interrupt will be generated when the conversion is done and the supply voltage measurement is available in the Table 49. VSW ADC value SFR (VSWADC, 0xEF).
Supply voltage ADC in PSM1 and PSM2
Depending on the operating mode of the ADE7169F16, a supply voltage conversion is initiated only by certain actions: PSM0: In this operating mode, the 8052 is active. Supply voltage measurements are available in the background measurement mode and by initiating a single measurement. PSM1: In this operating mode, the 8052 is active and the part is powered from battery. Single supply voltage measurements can be initiated by setting the TEMP_ADC_GO bit in the Start ADC Measurement SFR (ADCGO, 0xD8). Background supply voltage measurements are not available. PSM2: In this operating mode, the 8052 is not active. Supply voltage conversions are available through the background measurement mode only. The supply voltage Table 49. VSW ADC value SFR (VSWADC, 0xEF) is updated with a new value only when a supply voltage ADC interrupt occurs.
Background Supply Voltage Measurements
Background supply voltage measurements are disabled by default. To configure the background supply voltage measurement mode, set a supply voltage measurement interval in the Peripheral ADC Strobe Period SFR (STRBPER, 0xF9). Then supply voltage measurements will be performed periodically in the background - see Table 45. When a supply voltage conversion completes, the new supply voltage ADC value is compared to the last supply voltage ADC value that created an interrupt. If the absolute difference between the two values is greater than the setting in the VSW_DIFF bits in the Temperature and Supply Delta SFR (DIFFPROG, 0xF3), a VSW ADC flag is set. This VSW ADC flag is the VSWFLAG in the Power Management Interrupt Flag SFR (IPSMF, 0xF8), used for power supply monitoring. This VSW ADC flag can be enabled to generate a PSM interrupt by setting the EVSW bit in the Power Management Interrupt Enable SFR (IPSME, 0xEC). This method allows supply voltage measurements to take place completely in the background, only requiring MCU activity if the supply voltage has changed more than a configurable delta. To set up background supply voltage measurements: 1. Initiate a single supply voltage measurement by setting the VSW_ADC_GO bit in the Start ADC Measurement SFR (ADCGO, 0xD8). Upon completion of this measurement, configure the VSW_DIFF[2:0] bits to establish the change in temperature that will set the VSWFLAG in the Power Management Interrupt Flag SFR (IPSMF, 0xF8).
Supply voltage ADC interrupt
The supply voltage ADC can generate an ADC interrupt when at least one of the following conditions occurs: - The difference between the new supply voltage ADC value and the last supply voltage ADC value generating an ADC interrupt is larger than the value set in the VSW_DIFF bits. - The Supply voltage ADC conversion, initiated by setting TEMP_ADC_GO, is finished. When the ADC interrupt occurs, a new value is available in the VSW ADC value SFR (VSWADC, 0xEF). Note that there is no flag associated with this interrupt.
2.
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Preliminary Technical Data 8052 MCU CORE ARCHITECTURE
The ADE7169F16 has an 8052 MCU core and uses the 8051 instruction set. Some of the standard 8052 peripherals, such as the UART, have been enhanced. This section describes the standard 8052 core and enhancements that have been made to it in the ADE7169F16. The special function register (SFR) space is mapped into the upper 128 bytes of internal data memory space and is accessed by direct addressing only. It provides an interface between the CPU and all on-chip peripherals. A block diagram showing the programming model of the ADE7169F16 via the SFR area is shown in Figure 54. All registers except the program counter (PC), instruction register (IR) and the four general-purpose register banks reside
ADE7169F16
in the SFR area. The SFR registers include control, configuration, and data registers that provide an interface between the CPU and all on-chip peripherals.
16-kBYTE ELECTRICALLY REPROGRAMMABLE NONVOLATILE FLASH/EE PROGRAM/DATA MEMORY ENERGY MEASUREMENT POWER MANAGEMENT RTC 8051 COMPATIBLE CORE PC IR 128-BYTE SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER AREA LCD DRIVER TEMPERATURE ADC BATTERY ADC OTHER ON-CHIP PERIPHERALS: SERIAL I/O WDT TIMERS
256 BYTES GENERAL PURPOSE RAM STACK REGISTER BANKS
256 BYTES XRAM
Figure 54: ADE7169F16 Block Diagram
MCU REGISTERS
The registers used by the MCU are summarized hereafter. Table 52. 8051 SFRs SFR A B PSW PCON DPL DPH SP CFG Address 0xE0 0xF0 0xD0 0x87 0x82 0x83 0x81 0xAF Bit Addressable Yes Yes Yes No No No No No Description Accumulator Auxiliary Math register Program status word - see Table 53 Power Control register - see Table 54 Data pointer LSByte - see Table 55 Data pointer MSbyte - see Table 56 Stack pointer LSB byte - see Table 57 Configuration register - see Table 58
Table 53. Program Status Word SFR (PSW, 0xD0)
Bit Location 7 6 5 4-3 Bit Addr. 0xD7 0xD6 0xD5 0xD4, 0xD3 Bit Name CY AC F0 RS1, RS0 Description Carry Flag. Modified by ADD, ADDC, SUBB, MUL, and DIV instructions. Auxiliary Carry Flag. Modified by ADD, and ADDC instructions. General-Purpose Flag availble to the user Register Bank Select Bits. RS1 RS0 Selected Bank 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 1 1 3 Overflow Flag. Modified by ADD, ADDC, SUBB, MUL and DIV instructions. General-Purpose Flag availble to the user. Parity Bit. The number of bits set in the Accumulator added to the value of the parity bit will always be an even number.
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2 1 0
0xD2 0xD1 0xD0
OV F1 P
ADE7169F16
Table 54. Program Control SFR (PCON, 0x87)
Bit Location 7 6-0 Default 0 0 Description Double baud rate control Reserved, should be left cleared
Preliminary Technical Data
Table 55. Data Pointer Low SFR (DPL, 0x82)
Bits 7-0 Default 0 Description Contain the low byte of the data pointer
Table 56. Data Pointer High SFR (DPH, 0x83)
Bits 7-0 Default 0 Description Contain the high byte of the data pointer
Table 57. Stack Pointer SFR (SP, 0x81)
Bits 7-0 Default 7 Description Contain the 8 LSB of the pointer for the stack
Table 58. Configuration SFR (CFG, 0xAF)
Bit Location 7 6 Bit Mnemonic Description
5
4
3-2 1-0
Reserved.. This bit should be left set for proper operation. EXTEN Enhanced UART enable bit 0 Standard 8052 UART without enhanced error checking features 1 Enhanced UART with enhanced error checking--see the UART additional features section. SCPS Synchronous communication selection bit 0 I2C port is selected for control of the shared I2C/SPI pins and SFRs 1 SPI port is selected for control of the shared I2C/SPI pins and SFRs MOD38EN 38kHz modulation enable bit 0 38kHz modulation is disabled. 1 38kHz modulation is enabled on the pins selected by the MOD38[7:0] bits in the EP_CFG SFR. Reserved XREN[1:0] Enable MOVX instruction to use 256 bytes of Extended RAM. XREN[1] OR XREN[0] =1 Disable MOVX instruction XREN[1] AND XREN[0] =0
BASIC 8052 REGISTERS
Program Counter (PC): The Program Counter holds the two byte address of the next instruction to be fetched. The PC is initialized with 0x00 at Reset and is incremented after each instruction is performed. Note that the amount that is added to the PC depends on the number of bytes in the instruction, so the increment can range from one to three bytes. The program counter is not directly accessible to the user but can be directly modified by CALL and JMP instructions that change which part of the program is active. Instruction Register (IR): The Instruction Register holds the
opcode of the instruction being executed. The opcode is the binary code that results from assembling an instruction. This register is not directly accessible to the user. Register Banks: There are four banks containing 8 byte-wide registers each, for a total of 32 bytes of registers. These registers are convenient for temporary storage of mathematical operands. An instruction involving the accumulator and a register can be executed in 1 clock cycle as opposed to 2 clock cycles to perform an instruction involving the accumulator and a literal or a byte of general purpose RAM. The register banks are located in the first 32 bytes of RAM.
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Preliminary Technical Data
The active register bank is selected by the RS0 and RS1 bits in the Program Status Word SFR (PSW, 0xD0). Accumulator: The accumulator is a working register, storing the results of many arithmetic or logical operations. The accumulator is used in more than half of the 8052 instructions where it is usually referred to as A. The status register (PSW) constantly monitors the number of bits that are set in the accumulator to determine if it has even or odd parity. The accumulator is stored in the SFR space - see Table 52. B Register: The B register is used by the multiply and divide instructions, MUL AB and DIV AB to hold one of the operands. Since it isn't used for many instructions, it can be used as a scratchpad register like those in the register banks. The B register is stored in the SFR space - see Table 52. Program Status Word (PSW): The PSW register reflects the status of arithmetic and logical operations through carry, auxiliary carry and overflow flags. The parity flag reflects the parity of the contents of the accumulator, which can be helpful for communication protocols. The PSW bits are described in Table 53. The Program Status Word SFR (PSW, 0xD0) is bit addressable. Data Pointer (DPTR): The data pointer is made up of two 8-bit registers: DPH (high byte), and DPL (low byte). These provide memory addresses for internal code and data access. The DPTR can be manipulated as a 16-bit register (DPTR = DPH, DPL), or as two independent 8-bit registers (DPH, DPL) - see Table 55 and Table 56. The ADE7169F16 supports dual data pointers. See the Dual Data Pointers section.
ADE7169F16
Stack Pointer (SP): The Stack Pointer keeps track of the current address of the top of the stack. To push a byte of data onto the stack, the stack pointer is incremented and the data is moved to the new top of the stack. To pop a byte of data off of the stack, the top byte of data is moved into the awaiting address and the stack pointer is decremented. The stack is a last in first out (LIFO) method of data storage because the most recent addition to the stack is the first to come off it. The stack is utilized during CALL and RET instructions to keep track of the address to move into the PC when returning from the function call. The stack is also manipulated when vectoring for interrupts, to keep track of the prior state of the PC. The stack resides into the extended internal RAM and the SP register holds the address of the stack into the externded RAM. The advantage of this solution is that the stack is segregated to the extended internal RAM. The use of the general purpose RAM can be limited to data storing and the use of the extended internal RAM limited to the stack pointer. This separation limits the chance of corruption of the data RAM with the stack pointer overflowing in data RAM. Data can still be stored in extended RAM by using the MOVX command. To change the default starting address for the stack, move a value into the stack pointer, SP. For example, to enable the extended stack pointer and initialize it at the beginning of the XRAM space, use this code: MOV SP,#00H
FFH 256 BYTES OF 256 BYTES OF ON-CHIP DATA RAM (DATA) 00H
FFH 256 BYTES OF ON-CHIP X-RAM DATA+STACK 00H
Figure 55. Extended Stack Pointer Operation
STANDARD 8052 SFRS
The standard 8052 special function registers include the Accumulator, B, PSW, DPTR and SP SFRs described in the Basic 8052 Registers section. The 8052 also defines standard timers, serial port interface, interrupts, I/O ports and power down modes. Timer SFRs: The 8052 contains 3 16-bit timers, the identical Timer0 and Timer1 as well as a Timer2. These timers can also
function as event counters. Timer2 has a capture feature where the value of the timer can be captured in two 8-bit registers upon the assertion of an external input signal - see Table 93 and Timers section. Serial Port SFRs: The full-duplex serial port peripheral requires two registers, one for setting up the baud rate and other communication parameters, and another byte for the transmit/receive buffer. The ADE7169F16 also provides
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ADE7169F16
enhanced serial port functionality with a dedicated timer for baud rate generation with a fractional divisor and additional error detection. See Table 115 and UART serial interface section. Interrupt SFRs: There is a two-tiered interrupt system standard in the 8052 core. The priority level for each interrupt source is individually selectable as high or low. The ADE7169F16 enhances this interrupt system by creating in essence a third interrupt tier for a highest priority power supply management interrupt, PSM - See Interrupt System section. I/O Port SFRs: The 8052 core supports four I/O ports, P0 through P3 where Ports 0 and 2 are typically used for access to external code and data spaces. The ADE7169F16, unlike standard 8052 products, provides internal nonvolatile Flash memory so that an external code space is unnecessary. The onchip LCD driver requires many pins, some of which are dedicated for LCD functionality and others that can be configured at LCD or general purpose I/O. Due to the limited number of I/O pins, the ADE7169F16 does not allow access to external code and data spaces. The ADE7169F16 provides 20 pins that can be used for general purpose I/O. These pins are mapped to Ports 0, 1 and 2 and are accessed through three bit-addressable 8052 SFRs P0, P1 and P2. Another enhanced feature of the ADE7169F16 is that the weak pull-ups standard on 8052 Ports 1, 2 and 3 can be disabled to make open drain outputs, as is standard on Port 0. The weak pull-ups can be enabled on a pin by pin basis. See the I/O Ports section. Power Control Register (PCON, 0x87): The 8052 core defines two power down modes; power down and idle. The ADE7169F16 enhances the power control capability of the traditional 8052 MCU with additional power management functions. The POWCON register is used to define power control specific functionality for the ADE7169F16. The Program Control SFR (PCON, 0x87) is not bit addressable. See the Power Management section. The ADE7169F16 provides many other peripherals not standard to the 8052 core.
Preliminary Technical Data
* *
Flash Memory controller Watchdog Timer
MEMORY OVERVIEW
The ADE7169F16 contains three memory blocks:
* * *
16 kbytes of on-chip Flash/EE program and data memory 256 bytes of general-purpose RAM 256 bytes of internal extended RAM (XRAM)
The 256 bytes of general-purpose RAM shares the upper 128 bytes of its address space with Special Function Registers. All of the memory spaces are shown in Figure 54. The addressing mode specifies which memory space to access. General Purpose RAM: General purpose RAM resides in memory locations 0x00 through 0xFF. It contains the register banks.
7FH GENERAL-PURPOSE AREA 30H 2FH BANKS SELECTED VIA BITS IN PSW 11 18H 17H 10 10H 0FH 01 08H 00 00H
04741-0-008
BIT-ADDRESSABLE (BIT ADDRESSES) 20H 1FH
FOUR BANKS OF EIGHT REGISTERS R0 TO R7 RESET VALUE OF STACK POINTER
07H
Figure 56. Lower 128 Bytes of Internal Data Memory
Addresses 0x80 through 0xFF of General Purpose RAM are shared with the Special Function Registers. The mode of addressing determines which memory space is accessed as shown in Figure 57.
FFh ACCESSIBLE BY INDIRECT ADDRESSING ONLY ACCESSIBLE BY DIRECT AND INDIRECT ADDRESSING ACCESSIBLE BY DIRECT ADDRESSING ONLY
* * * * * * *
ADE Energy Measurement DSP RTC LCD driver Battery Switchover/Power Management Temperature ADC Battery ADC SPI/I C communication
2
80h 7Fh
00h
GENERAL PURPOSE RAM SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS (SFRs)
Figure 57: General Purpose RAM and SFR memory address overlap
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Preliminary Technical Data
Both direct and indirect addressing can be used to access General Purpose RAM from 0x00 through 0x7F but indirect addressing must be used to access General Purpose RAM with addresses in the range from 0x80 through 0xFF because they share the same address space with the Special Function Registers (SFRs). The 8052 core also has the means to access individual bits of certain addresses in the General Purpose RAM and Special Function Memory spaces. The individual bits of General Purpose RAM addresses 0x20 through 0x2F can be accessed through their bit addresses 0x00 through 0x7F. The benefit of bit addressing is that the individual bits can be accessed quickly, without the need for bit masking, which takes more code memory and execution time. The bit addresses for General Purpose RAM addresses 0x20 through 0x2F can be seen in Figure 58. SFR Mapping.
ADE7169F16
Extended Internal RAM (XRAM): The ADE7169F16 provides 256 bytes of extended on-chip RAM. No external RAM is supported. This RAM is located in addresses 0x0000 through 0x00FF in the Extended RAM space. To select the Extended RAM memory space, the extended indirect addressing modes are used. The internal XRAM is enabled in the Configuration SFR (CFG, 0xAF) by writing 01 to CFG[1:0].
FFh
00h
256 BYTES OF EXTENDED INTERNAL RAM (XRAM)
Figure 59: Extended Internal RAM (XRAM) Space
Byte Address 0x2F 7F 0x2E 77 0x2D 6F 0x2C 67 0x2B 5F 0x2A 57 0x29 4F 0x28 47 0x27 3F 0x26 37 0x25 2F 0x24 27 0x23 1F 0x22 17 0x21 0F 0x20 07 7E 76 6E 66 5E 56 4E 46 3E 36 2E 26 1E 16 0E 06
Bit Addresses (hexa) 7D 75 6D 65 5D 55 4D 45 3D 35 2D 25 1D 15 0D 05 7C 74 6C 64 5C 54 4C 44 3C 34 2C 24 1C 14 0C 04 7B 73 6B 63 5B 53 4B 43 3B 33 2B 23 1B 13 0B 03 7A 72 6A 62 5A 52 4A 42 3A 32 2A 22 1A 12 0A 02 79 71 69 61 59 51 49 41 39 31 29 21 19 11 09 01 78 70 68 60 58 50 48 40 38 30 28 20 18 10 08 00
Code Memory: Code and data memory are stored in the 16kbyte Flash memory space. No external code memory is supported. To access Code memory, Code Indirect addressing is used.
ADDRESSING MODES
The 8052 core provides several addressing modes. The addressing mode determines how the core will interpret the memory location or data value specified in assembly language code. There are six addressing modes as shown in Table 59: Table 59. 8052 Addressing Modes Addressing Mode Immediate Example Bytes Core Clock Cycles 2 3 2 2 1 2 4
MOV A, #A8h MOV DPTR,#A8h
2 3 2 2 1 1 1
Direct
MOV A, A8h MOV A, IE MOV A, R0
Indirect Extended Direct Extended Indirect Code Indirect
MOV A,@R0 MOVX A, @DPTR
Figure 58: Bit Addressable Area of General Purpose RAM
Bit addressing can be used for instructions that involve Boolean variable manipulation and program branching--see the Instruction set. Special Function Registers: Special Function Registers are registers that affect the function of the 8051 core or its peripherals. These registers are located in RAM with addresses 0x80 through 0xFF. They are only accessible through direct addressing as shown in Figure 57 . The individual bits of some of the SFRs can be accessed for use in Boolean and program branching instructions. These SFRs are labeled as bit-addressable and the bit addresses are given in the
MOVX A, @R0
1
4
MOVC A, @A+DPTR MOVC A, @A+PC JMP @A+DPTR
1 1 1
4 4 3
Immediate Addressing: In Immediate Addressing, the expression entered after the number sign (#) will be evaluated by the assembler and stored in the memory address specified.
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ADE7169F16
This number is referred to as a literal because it refers only to a value and not to a memory location. Instructions using this addressing mode will be slower than those between two registers since the literal must be stored and fetched from memory. The expression can be entered as a symbolic variable or an arithmetic expression; the value will be computed by the assembler. Direct Addressing: With Direct Addressing, the value at the source address is moved to the destination address. Direct Addressing provides the fastest execution time of all the addressing modes when an instruction is performed between registers using direct addressing. Note that indirect or direct addressing modes can be used to access general purpose RAM addresses 0x00 through 0x7F. An instruction with direct addressing that uses an address between 0x80 and 0xFF is referring to a special function memory location. Indirect Addressing: With Indirect Addressing, the value pointed to by the register is moved to the destination address. For example, to move the contents of internal RAM address 82h to the accumulator: MOV MOV R0,#82h A,@R0
Preliminary Technical Data
The two instructions above require a total of seven clock cycles and four bytes of storage in the program memory. Extended Indirect Addressing: The internal extended RAM is accessed through a pointer to the address in indirect addressing mode. The ADE7169F16 provides 256 bytes of internal extended RAM, accessed through MOVX instructions. External memory is not supported on this device. In extended indirect addressing mode, a register holds the address of the byte of extended RAM. The following code will move the contents of extended RAM address 80h to the accumulator: MOV R0,#80h MOVX A,@R0 The two instructions above require six clock cycles and three bytes of storage. Note that there are 256 bytes of extended RAM, so both extended direct and extended indirect addressing can cover the whole address range. There is a storage and speed advantage to using extended indirect addressing because the additional byte of addressing available through the DPTR register that is not needed is not stored. From the three examples demonstrating the access of internal RAM from 80h through FFh and extended internal RAM from 00h through FFh, it can be seen that it is most efficient to use the entire internal RAM accessible through indirect access before moving to extended RAM. Code Indirect Addressing: The internal code memory can be accessed indirectly. This can be useful for implementing lookup tables and other arrays of constants that are stored in Flash. For example, to move the data stored in Flash memory at address 8002h into the Accumulator: MOV DPTR,#8002h CLR A MOVX A,@A+DPTR The Accumulator can be used as a variable index into the array of Flash memory located at DPTR.
The two instructions above require a total of four clock cycles and three bytes of storage in the program memory. Indirect addressing allows addresses to be computed, and is useful for indexing into data arrays stored in RAM. Note that an instruction that refers to addresses 00 through 7Fh is referring to internal RAM and indirect or direct addressing modes can be used. An instruction with indirect addressing that uses an address between 80h and FFh is referring to internal RAM, not to a SFR. Extended Direct Addressing: The DPTR register is used to access internal extended RAM in extended indirect addressing mode. The ADE7169F16 provides 256 bytes of internal extended RAM (XRAM), accessed through MOVX instructions. External memory spaces are not supported on this device. In extended direct addressing mode, the DPTR register points to the address of the byte of extended RAM. The following code will move the contents of extended RAM address 100h to the accumulator: MOV DPTR,#100h MOVX A,@DPTR Table 60. Instruction Set
Mnemonic Arithmetic ADD A,Rn ADD A,@Ri Description Add register to A Add indirect memory to A
INSTRUCTION SET
Table 60 documents the number of clock cycles required for eachinstruction. Most instructions are executed in one or two clock cycles,resulting in a 4 MIPS peak performance.
Bytes 1 1
Cycles 1 2
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Preliminary Technical Data
Mnemonic ADD A,dir ADD A,#data ADDC A,Rn 1 1 ADDC A,@Ri ADDC A,dir ADD A,#data SUBB A,Rn SUBB A,@Ri SUBB A,dir SUBB A,#data INC A INC Rn INC @ INC dir INC DPTR DEC A DEC Rn DEC @Ri DEC dir MUL AB DIV AB DA A A Logic ANL A,Rn ANL A,@Ri ANL A,dir ANL A,#data ANL dir,A ANL dir,#data ORL A,Rn ORL A,@Ri ORL A,dir ORL A,#data ORL dir,A ORL dir,#data XRL A,Rn XRL A,@Ri XRL A,#data XRL dir,A XRL A, XRL dir,#data CLR A CPL A SWAP A RL A RLC A RR A RRC A Description Add direct byte to A Add immediate to A Add register to A with carry Add indirect memory to A with carry Add direct byte to A with carry Add immediate to A with carry Subtract register from A with borrow Subtract indirect memory from A with borrow Subtract direct from A with borrow Subtract immediate from A with borrow Increment A Increment register Ri Increment indirect memory Increment direct byte Increment data pointer Decrement A Decrement register Decrement indirect memory Decrement direct byte Multiply A by B Divide A by B Decimal adjust A AND register to A AND indirect memory to A AND direct byte to A AND immediate to A AND A to direct byte AND immediate data to direct byte OR register to A OR indirect memory to A OR direct byte to A OR immediate to A OR A to direct byte OR immediate data to direct byte Exclusive-OR register to A Exclusive-OR indirect memory to A Exclusive-OR immediate to A Exclusive-OR A to direct byte dir Exclusive-OR indirect memory to A Exclusive-OR immediate data to direct Clear A Complement A Swap nibbles of A Rotate A left Rotate A left through carry Rotate A right Rotate A right through carry
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ADE7169F16
Bytes 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 1 1 2 2 2 3 1 2 2 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cycles 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 3 1 1 2 2 9 9 2 1 2 2 2 2 3 1 2 2 2 2 3 1 2 2 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
ADE7169F16
Mnemonic Data Transfer MOV A,Rn MOV A,@Ri MOV Rn,A MOV @Ri,A MOV A,dir MOV A,#data MOV Rn,#data MOV dir,A MOV Rn,dir MOV dir,Rn MOV @Ri,#data MOV dir,@Ri MOV @Ri,dir MOV dir,dir MOV dir,#data MOV DPTR,#data MOVC A,@A+DPTR MOVC A,@A+PC MOVX A,@Ri MOVX A,@DPTR MOVX @Ri,A MOVX @DPTR,A PUSH dir POP dir XCH A,Rn XCH A,@Ri XCHD A,@Ri XCH A,dir Boolean CLR C CLR bit SETB C SETB bit CPL C CPL bit ANL C,bit ANL C,/bit ORL C,bit ORL C,/bit OR MOV C,bit MOV bit,C Branching Clear carry Clear direct bit Set carry Set direct bit Complement carry Complement direct bit AND direct bit and carry AND direct bit inverse to carry OR direct bit and carry direct bit inverse to carry Move direct bit to carry Move carry to direct bit Move register to A Move indirect memory to A Move A to register Move A to indirect memory Move direct byte to A Move immediate to A Move register to immediate Move A to direct byte Move register to direct byte Move direct to register Move immediate to indirect memory Move indirect to direct memory Move direct to indirect memory Move direct byte to direct byte Move immediate to direct byte Move immediate to data pointer Move code byte relative DPTR to A Move code byte relative PC to A 1 Move external (A8) data to A Move external (A16)data to A Move A to external data (A8) Move A to external data (A16) Push direct byte onto stack Pop direct byte from stack Exchange A and register Exchange A and indirect memory Exchange A and indirect memory nibble Exchange A and direct byte Description
Preliminary Technical Data
Bytes Cycles
1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2
1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 1 2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
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Preliminary Technical Data
Mnemonic JMP @A+DPTR RET RETI ACALL addr11 AJMP addr11 SJMP rel JC rel JNC rel JZ rel JNZ rel DJNZ Rn,rel LJMP LCALL addr16 JB bit,rel JNB bit,rel JBC bit,rel CJNE A,dir,rel CJNE A,#data,rel CJNE Rn,#data,rel CJNE @Ri,#data,rel DJNZ dir,rel Miscellaneous NOP No operation 1 Description Jump indirect relative to DPTR Return from subroutine Return from interrupt Absolute jump to subroutine Absolute jump unconditional Short jump (relative address) Jump on carry equal to 1 Jump on carry equal to 0 Jump on accumulator =0 Jump on accumulator not equal to 0 Decrement register,JNZ relative Long jump unconditional Long jump to subroutine Jump on direct bit =1 Jump on direct bit =0 Jump on direct bit =1 and clear Compare A,direct JNE relative Compare A,immediate JNE relative Compare register,immediate JNE relative Compare indirect,immediate JNE relative Decrement direct byte,JNZ relative Bytes 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
ADE7169F16
Cycles 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1
READ-MODIFY-WRITE INSTRUCTIONS
Some 8051 instructions read the latch while others read the pin. The state of the pin is read for instructions that input a port bit. Instructions that read the latch rather than the pins are the ones that read a value, possibly change it, and rewrite it to the latch. Since these instructions involve modifying the port, it is assumed that the pins being modified are outputs, so the output state of the pin is read from the latch. This prevents a possible misinterpretation of the voltage level of a pin. For example, if a port pin is used to drive the base of a transistor, a 1 is written to the bit, to turn the transistor on. If the CPU reads the same port bit at the pin rather than the latch, it reads the base voltage of the transistor and interprets it as Logic 0. Reading the latch rather than the pin returns the correct value of 1. The instructions that read the latch rather than the pins are called read-modify-write instructions, and are listed in Table 61. When the destination operand is a port or a port bit, these instructions read the latch rather than the pin. Table 61. Read-Modify-Write Instructions
Instruction Example Description
ANL ORL XRL JBC CPL INC DEC DJNZ MOV PX.Y, C1 CLR PX.Y1 SETB PX.Y1
1
ANL P0, A ORL P1, A XRL P2, A JBC P1.1, LABEL CPL P2.0 INC P2 DEC P2 DJNZ P0, LABEL MOV P0.0,C CLR P0.0 SETB P0.0
Logical AND Logical OR Logical EX-OR Jump if Bit = 1 and clear bit Complement bit Increment Decrement Decrement and jump if not zero Move Carry to Bit Y of Port X Clear Bit Y of Port X Set Bit Y of Port X
___________________________________________
These instructions read the port byte (all 8 bits), modify the addressed bit, and write the new byte back to the latch.
INSTRUCTIONS THAT AFFECT FLAGS
Many instructions explicitly modify the Carry bit such as the MOV C, bit and CLR C instructions. Other instructions that affect status flags are listed in this section.
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ADE7169F16
ADD A, source OV Function: Adds the source to the Accumulator. Status Flags Referenced by Instruction: None Status Flags Affected: Status Flag C Description Set if there is a carry out of bit 7. Cleared otherwise. Used to indicate an overflow if the operands are unsigned. Set if there is a carry out of bit 6 or a carry out of bit 7 but not if both are set. Used to indicate an overflow for signed addition. This flag will be set if two positive operands yield a negative result or two negative operands yield a positive result. Set if there is a carry out of bit 3. Cleared otherwise. AC
Preliminary Technical Data
operands are unsigned. Set if there is a borrow is needed for bit 6 or bit 7 but not for both. Used to indicate an overflow for signed subtraction. This flag will be set if a negative number subtracted from a positive yields a negative result or it a positive number subtracted from a negative number yields a positive result. Set if a borrow is needed for bit 3. Cleared otherwise.
OV
MUL
AB
Function: Multiplies the Accumulator by the B register. This operation is unsigned. The lower byte of the 16-bit product is stored in the Accumulator and the higher byte is left in the B register. Status Flags Referenced by Instruction: None Status Flags Affected: None Status Flag C OV Description Cleared Set if the result is greater than 255. Cleared otherwise.
AC
ADDC A, source Function: Adds the source and the Carry bit to the Accumulator Status Flags Referenced by Instruction: Carry Status Flags Affected: Status Flag C Description Set if there is a carry out of bit 7. Cleared otherwise. Used to indicate an overflow if the operands are unsigned. Set if there is a carry out of bit 6 or a carry out of bit 7 but not if both are set. Used to indicate an overflow for signed addition. This flag will be set if two positive operands yield a negative result or two negative operands yield a positive result. Set if there is a carry out of bit 3. Cleared otherwise.
DIV
AB
OV
Function: Divides the Accumulator by the B register. This operation is unsigned. The integer part of the quotient is stored in the Accumulator and the remainder goes into the B register. Status Flags Referenced by Instruction: None Status Flags Affected: Status Flag C OV Description Cleared Cleared unless the B register was equal to 0, in which case the results of the division are undefined and the OV flag is set. A
AC
SUBB
A, source DA
Function: Subtract the source byte and the carry (borrow) flag from the Accumulator. Status Flags Referenced by Instruction: Carry (Borrow) Status Flags Affected: Status Flag C Description Set if there is a borrow needed for of bit 7. Cleared otherwise. Used to indicate an overflow if the
Function: Adjusts the Accumulator to hold two four bit digits after the addition of two binary coded decimals (BCDs) with the ADD or ADDC instructions. If the AC bit is set or if the value of bits 0-3 exceed 9, 0x06 is added to the accumulator to correct the lower four bits. If the carry bit was set when the instruction began, or if 0x06 was added to the accumulator in the first step, 0x60 is added to the accumulator to correct the higher four bits.
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Preliminary Technical Data
Status Flags Referenced by Instruction: Carry, AC Status Flags Affected: Status Flag C Description Set if the result is greater than 99h. Cleared otherwise.
ADE7169F16
RRC
A
Function: Rotates the accumulator to the right through the carry flag. The old LSB of the Accumulator becomes the new carry flag and the old carry flag is loaded into the new MSB of the Accumulator. Status Flags Referenced by Instruction: Carry Status Flags Affected: Status Flag C Description Equal to the state of ACC.0 before execution of the instruction
RLC
A
Function: Rotates the accumulator to the left through the carry flag. The old MSB of the Accumulator becomes the new carry flag and the old carry flag is loaded into the new LSB of the Accumulator. Status Flags Referenced by Instruction: Carry Status Flags Affected: Status Flag C Description Equal to the state of ACC.7 before execution of the instruction
CJNE
destination, source, relative jump
Function: Compares the value of the source to the value of the destination and branches to the location set by the relative jump if they are not equal. If the values are equal, program execution continues with the instruction after the CJNE instruction. Status Flags Referenced by Instruction: None Status Flags Affected: Status Flag C Description Set if the source value is greater than the destination value. Cleared otherwise.
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ADE7169F16 INTERRUPT SYSTEM
The unique power management architecture of the ADE7169F16 includes an operating mode where the 8052 MCU core is shut down, PSM2. There are events that can be configured to wake the 8052 MCU core from the PSM2 operating mode where the MCU core is shut down. A distinction is drawn here between events that can trigger the wakeup of the 8052 MCU core and events that can trigger an interrupt when the MCU core is active. Events that can wake the core are referred to as wakeup events while events that can interrupt the program flow when the MCU is active are called interrupts. See the 3.3V Peripherals and Wakeup Events section to learn more about events that can wake the 8052 core from PSM2. The ADE7169F16 provides 12 interrupt sources with three priority levels. The power management interrupt is alone at the highest priority level. The other two priority levels are configurable through the Interrupt priority SFR (IP, 0xB8) and Interrupt Enable and Priority 2 SFR (IEIP2, 0xA9).
Preliminary Technical Data
Figure 60: Standard 8051 Interrupt Priority Levels
A Priority 1 interrupt can interrupt the service routine of a Priority 0 interrupt, and if two interrupts of different priorities occur at the same time, the Priority 1 interrupt is serviced first. An interrupt cannot be interrupted by another interrupt of the same priority level. If two interrupts of the same priority level occur simultaneously, a polling sequence is observed. See the Interrupt Priority section.
ADE7169F16 INTERRUPT ARCHITECTURE
The ADE7169F16 provides advanced power supply monitoring features. To ensure a fast response to time critical power supply issues, such as a loss of line power, the power supply monitoring interrupt should be able to interrupt any interrupt service routine. In order to enable the user to make full use of the standard 8051 interrupt priority levels, an additional priority level was added for the power supply management, PSM, interrupt. The PSM interrupt is the only interrupt at this highest interrupt priority level.
High
STANDARD 8051 INTERRUPT ARCHITECTURE
The 8051 standard interrupt architecture includes two tiers of interrupts, where some interrupts are assigned a high priority and others are assigned a low priority.
High Low
Low
PSM Priority 1 Priority 0
Priority 1 Priority 0
Figure 61: ADE7169F16 Interrupt Architecture
See the Power Supply Monitor Interrupt (PSM) section for more information on the PSM interrupt.
INTERRUPT SFR REGISTER LIST
The control and configuration of the interrupt system is carried out through three interrupt-related SFRs: SFR IE IP IEIP2 WDCON Address 0xA8 0xB8 0xA9 0xC0 Default Value 0x00 0x00 0xA0 0x10 Bit Addressable Yes Yes No Yes Description Interrupt Enable Register Interrupt Priority Register Secondary Interrupt Enable Register Watchdog timer configuration
Table 62. Interrupt Enable SFR (IE, 0xA8)
Bit Location 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit Addr. 0xAF 0xAE 0xAD 0xAC 0xAB 0xAA 0xA9 Bit Name EA ETEMP ET2 ES ET1 EX1 ET0 Description Set by the user to enable all interrupt sources. Cleared by the user to disable all interrupt sources. Set by the user to enable the temperature ADC interrupt. Set by the user to enable the Timer 2 interrupt. Set by the user to enable the UART serial port interrupt. Set by the user to enable the Timer 1 interrupt. Set by the user to enable External Interrupt 1 (INT1). Set by the user to enable the Timer 0 interrupt.
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Preliminary Technical Data
0 0xA8 EX0 Set by the user to enable External Interrupt 0 ( ).
ADE7169F16
Table 63. Interrupt priority SFR (IP, 0xB8)
Bit Location 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bit Addr. 0xBF 0xBE 0xBD 0xBC 0xBB 0xBA 0xB9 0xB8 Bit Name PADE PTEMP PT2 PS PT1 PX1 PT0 PX0 Description ADE Energy Measurement Interrupt Priority (1 = High; 0 = Low). Temperature ADC Interrupt Priority (1 = High; 0 = Low). Timer 2 Interrupt Priority (1 = High; 0 = Low). UART Serial Port Interrupt Priority (1 = High; 0 = Low). Timer 1 Interrupt Priority (1 = High; 0 = Low). INT1 (External Interrupt 1) priority (1 = High; 0 = Low). Timer 0 Interrupt Priority (1 = High; 0 = Low). INT0 (External Interrupt 0) Priority (1 = High; 0 = Low).
Table 64. Interrupt Enable and Priority 2 SFR (IEIP2, 0xA9)
Bit Location 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bit Mnemonic PTI PSI EADE ETI EPSM ESI Description
RTC Interrupt Priority (1 = High; 0 = Low). SPI/I2C Interrupt Priority (1 = High; 0 = Low). Set by the user to enable the Energy Metering Interrupt (ADE) Set by the user to enable the RTC Interval Timer interrupt. Set by the user to enable the PSM Power Supply Management interrupt. Set by the user to enable the SPI/I2C interrupt.
Table 65. WatchDog Timer SFR (WDCON, 0xC0)
Bit Location 7-4 Bit Addr. 0xC7 - 0xC4 Bit Name PRE[3:0] Default Value 7 Description Watchdog pre-scaler. In normal mode, the 16-bit watchdog timer is clocked by the input clock (32.768kHz). The PRE bits set which of the upper bits of the counter are 29 PRE used as the watchdog output following: t x watchdog = 2 CLKIN [3:0] Watchdog Timeout 0000 15.6ms 0001 31.2ms 0010 62.5ms 0011 125ms 0100 250ms 0101 500ms 0110 1s 0111 2s 1000 0 Automatic Reset 1001 0 Serial download reset 1010 to 1111 Not a valid selection Watchdog interrupt response bit. When clear, watchdog will generate a system reset when the watchdog time out period has expired When set, the watchdog will generate a interrupt when the watchdog time out period has expired.
3
0xC3
WDIR
0
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ADE7169F16
2 0xC2 WDS 0
Preliminary Technical Data
WDS Watchdog status bit. This bit is set to indicate that a watchdog timeout has occurred. WDS is cleared by writing a zero or by an external hardware reset. A watchdog reset will not clear WDS. The bit can therefore be used to distinguish between a watchdog reset and a hardware reset from the RESET pin. WDE Watchdog enable bit. When set, enables the watchdog and clears its counter (e.g. 2 above). The watchdog counter is subsequently cleared again whenever the WDE bit is set. If the watchdog is not cleared within its selected timeout period it will generate a system reset or watchdog interrupt, depending on the WDIR bit. The watchdog is disabled (and WDE cleared) by any of the following: Write zero to WDE Watchdog reset (WDIR = 0) Hardware reset PSM interrupt LOCK interrupt. WDWR Watchdog write enable bit. To write data into the WDCON SFR involves a double instruction sequence. The WDWR bit must be set and the following instruction must be a write instruction to the WDCON SFR. This sequence is necessary so that the WDCON SFR is protected from code execution upsets that might unintentionally modify this SFR. Interrupts should be disabled during this operation due to the consecutive instruction cycles. e.g. Disable Watch dog 1 write to WDCON e.g. 2 Clear WDE bit CLR EA SETB WDWR CLR WDE SETB EA
1
0xC1
WDE
1
0
0xC0
WDWR
0
INTERRUPT PRIORITY
If two interrupts of the same priority level occur simultaneously, the polling sequence, as shown in Table 66, is observed. Table 66. Priority within Interrupt Level
Source IPSM IRTC IADE WDT ITEMP IE0 TF0 IE1 TF1 ISPI/I2CI RI/TI TF2/EXF2 Priority 0 (Highest) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 (Lowest) Description Power Supply Monitor Interrupt RTC Interval Timer interrupt ADE Energy measurement interrupt Watchdog Timer Overflow Interrupt Temperature ADC interrupt External Interrupt 0 Timer/Counter 0 Interrupt External Interrupt 1 Timer/Counter 1 Interrupt SPI/I2C Interrupt UART Serial Port Interrupt Timer/Counter 2 Interrupt
INTERRUPT FLAGS
The interrupt and status flags associated with the interrupt vectors are shown in Table 67 and Table 68. Most of the interrupts have flags associated with them.
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Preliminary Technical Data
Table 67. Interrupt Flags
Interrupt Source IE0 TF0 IE1 TF1 RI + TI TF2 + EXF2 ITEMP (Temperature ADC) IPSM (Power Supply) IADE (Energy Measurement DSP) Flags TCON.1 TCON.5 TCON.3 TCON.7 SCON.1 SCON.0 T2CON.7 T2CON.6 IPSMF.6 MIRQSTL.7 Bit Address IE0 TF0 IE1 TF1 TI RI TF2 EXF2 Details
ADE7169F16
External Interrupt 0 Timer 0 External Interrupt 1 Timer 1 Transmit Interrupt Receive Interrupt Timer 2 overflow flag Timer 2 external flag The Temperature ADC interrupt does not have an interrupt flag associated with it. PSM interrupt flag Read MIRQSTH, MIRQSTM, MIRQSTL. If the AUTOCLR bit in the IPSME SFR is set, each of these bytes will be reset after they are read. This is done on a per byte basis. Reading MIRQSTH reads and clears only MIRQSTH.
FPSM
Table 68. Status Flags
Interrupt Source ITEMP (Temperature ADC) ISPI/I2CI IRTC (RTC Interval Timer) WDT (Watchdog Timer) Flags SPI2CSTAT SPI2CSTAT TIMECON.7 TIMECON.2 WDCON.2 Bit Address Details The Temperature ADC interrupt does not have an status flag associated with it. SPI Interrupt Status register I2C Interrupt Status register RTC Midnight flag RTC Alarm flag Watchdog Timeout flag
WDS
A functional block diagram of the interrupt system is shown in Figure 62. Note that the PSM interrupt is the only interrupt in the highest priority level. If an external wakeup event occurs to wake the ADE7169F16 from PSM2, a pending external interrupt will be generated. When the EX0 or EX1 bits are set in the Interrupt Enable SFR (IE, 0xA8) to enable external interrupts, the program counter will be loaded with the IE0 or IE1 interrupt vector. The IE0 and IE1 interrupt flags in the TCON register will not be affected by events that occur when the 8052 MCU core is shut down during PSM2 -- see the Power Supply Monitor Interrupt (PSM) section. The RTC, temperature ADC and I2C/SPI interrupts are latched such that pending interrupts cannot be cleared without entering their respective interrupt service routines. Clearing the RTC Midnight and Alarm flags will not clear a pending RTC
interrupt. Similarly, clearing the I2C/SPI status bits in the SPI Interrupt Status Register SFR (SPISTAT, 0xEA) will not cancel a pending I2C/SPI interrupt. These interrupts will remain pending until the RTC or I2C/SPI interrupt vectors are enabled. Their respective interrupt service routines will be entered shortly thereafter. Figure 62 shows how the interrupts are cleared when the interrupt service routines are entered. Some interrupts with multiple interrupt sources are not automatically cleared, specifically the PSM, ADE, UART and Timer 2 interrupt vectors. Note that the INT0 and INT1 interrupts are only cleared if the external interrupt is configured to be triggered by a falling edge, by setting IT0 in the Timer/Counter 0 and 1 Control SFR (TCON, 0x88). If INT0 or INT1 is configured to interrupt on a low level, the interrupt service routine will be reentered until the respective pin goes high.
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ADE7169F16
IE/IEIP2 REGISTERS PSM
IPSMF IPSME FPSM (IPSMF.6)
Preliminary Technical Data
IP/IEIP2 REGISTERS PRIORITY LEVEL
LOW HIGH HIGHEST
RTC
MIDNIGHT ALARM
IN OUT LATCH RESET
ADE
MIRQSTH MIRQSTM MIRQSTL MIRQENHMIRQENM MIRQENL
MIRQSTL.7
WATCHDOG TIMEOUT
WATCHDOG
WDIR
TEMP ADC
TEMPADC INTERRUPT
IN OUT LATCH RESET
IT0
PSM2 IE0
EXTERNAL INTERRUPT 0
INT0
0 1 IT0
INTERRUPT POLLING SEQUENCE
TIMER 0
TF0
IT1
PSM2 IE1
EXTERNAL INTERRUPT 1
INT1
0 1 IT1
TIMER 1
TF1
SPI INTERRUPT
I2C/SPI
CFG.5 1 0
IN OUT LATCH RESET
I2C INTERRUPT
UART
RI TI
TIMER 2
TF2 EXF2
INDIVIDUAL INTERRUPT ENABLES GLOBAL INTERRUPT ENABLE (EA)
LEGEND
AUTOMATIC CLEAR SIGNAL
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Preliminary Technical Data
Figure 62: Interrupt System Functional Block Diagram
ADE7169F16
INTERRUPT VECTORS
When an interrupt occurs, the program counter is pushed onto the stack, and the corresponding interrupt vector address is loaded into the program counter. When the interrupt service routine has been completed, the program counter is popped off the stack by a RETI instruction. This allows program execution to resume from where it was interrupted. The interrupt vector addresses are shown in Table 69. Table 69. Interrupt Vector Addresses
Source IE0 TF0 IE1 TF1 RI + TI TF2 + EXF2 ITEMP (Temperature ADC) ISPI/I2CI IPSM (Power Supply) IADE (Energy Measurement DSP) IRTC (RTC Interval Timer) WDT (Watchdog Timer) Vector Address 0x0003 0x000B 0x0013 0x001B 0x0023 0x002B 0x0033 0x003B 0x0043 0x004B 0x0053 0x005B
examine the stack or other variables that could have led the program astray. The watchdog timer interrupt also allows the watchdog to be used as a long interval timer. Note that the Watchdog Timer Interrupt is automatically configured as a high priority interrupt. This interrupt cannot be disabled by the EA bit in the IE register. Even if all of the other interrupts are disabled, the watchdog is kept active to watch over the program. Interrupt Latency The 8051 architecture requires that at least one instruction executes between interrupts. To ensure this, the 8051 MCU core hardware prevents the program counter from jumping to an ISR immediately after completing a RETI instruction or an access of the IP and IE registers. The shortest interrupt latency is 3.25 instruction cycles, 800ns with a clock of 4.096MHz. The longest interrupt latency for a high priority interrupt results when a pending interrupt is generated during a low priority interrupt RETI, followed by a multiply instruction. This results in a maximum interrupt latency of 16.25 instruction cycles, 4us with a clock of 4.096MHz.
CONTEXT SAVING
When the 8052 vectors to an interrupt, only the program counter is saved on the stack. Therefore the interrupt service routine must be written to ensure that registers that are used in the main program are restored to their pre-interrupt state. Common registers that may be modified in the ISR are the accumulator, and the PSW register. Any general purpose registers that are used as scratchpads in the ISR should also be restored before exiting the interrupt. The example 8051 code shown below shows how to restore some commonly used registers: GeneralISR: ; save the current Accumulator value PUSH ACC ; save the current status and register bank selection PUSH PSW ; service interrupt ... ; restore the status and register bank selection POP PSW ; restore the accumulator POP ACC RETI
WATCH DOG FUNCTIONALITY
The watchdog timer generates a device reset or interrupt within a reasonable amount of time if the ADE7169F16 enters an erroneous state, possibly due to a programming error or electrical noise. The watchdog is enabled by default with a time out of 2 seconds and will create a system reset if not cleared within 2 seconds. The watchdog function can be disabled by clearing the WDE (watchdog enable) bit in the watchdog control (WatchDog Timer SFR (WDCON, 0xC0). When enabled, the watchdog circuit generates a system reset or interrupt (WDS) if the user program fails to set the WDE bit within a predetermined amount of time (see the PRE3...0 bits in Table 65). The watchdog timer is clocked from the 32 kHz external crystal connected between the CLKIN and CLKOUT pins. The WDCON SFR can be written only by user software if the double write sequence described in WDWR is initiated on every write access to the WDCON SFR
Watchdog Timer Interrupt
If the watchdog timer is not cleared within the watchdog timeout period, a system reset will occur unless the watchdog timer interrupt is enabled. The watchdog timer interrupt enable bit is located in the WatchDog Timer SFR (WDCON, 0xC0). Enabling the watchdog timer interrupt allows the program to
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Preliminary Technical Data LCD DRIVER
The LCD module is capable of directly driving an LCD panel of 24 x 4 segments without compromising any ADE7169F16 functionalities. Using shared pins, the driver can accommodate an LCD with up to 26 x 4 segments. It is capable of driving LCDs with 2x, 3x and 4x multiplexing. LCD waveform voltages generated through internal charge pump circuitry support up to 5V LCDs. An external resistor ladder for LCD waveform voltage generation is also supported. The ADE7169F16 has an embedded LCD control circuit, LCD driver and power supply circuit. The LCD module is functional in all Operating modes. Table 70. LCD Driver SFRs SFR address (hex) 0x95 0x96 0x97 0x9C 0xAC 0xAE 0xB1 0xED R/W Name Description
ADE7169F16
LCD SFR REGISTER LIST
There are six LCD control registers that configure the driver for the specific type of LCD in the end system and set up the user display preferences. The LCD Configuration SFR (LCDCON, 0x95), LCD Configuration X SFR (LCDCONX, 0x9C) and LCD Configuration Y SFR (LCDCONY, 0xB1) SFRs contains general LCD driver configuration information including the LCD enable and reset, as well as method of LCD voltage generation and the multiplex level. The LCD Clock SFR (LCDCLK, 0x96) configures timing settings for LCD frame rate and blink rate. LCD pins are configured for LCD functionality in the LCD Segment Enable SFR (LCDSEGE, 0x97) and LCD Segment Enable 2 SFR (LCDSEGE2, 0xED).
R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
LCDCON LCDCLK LCDSEGE LCDCONX LCDPTR LCDDAT LCDCONY LCDSEGE2
LCD Configuration SFR LCD Clock LCD Segment Enable LCD Configuration X LCD Pointer LCD Data LCD Configuration Y LCD Segment Enable 2
Table 71. LCD Configuration SFR (LCDCON, 0x95)
Bit Location 7 6 5 Bit Mnemonic LCDEN LCDRST BLINKEN Default Value 0 0 0 Description LCD enable. If this bit is set, the LCD driver is enabled. LCD data registers are reset to zero. If this bit is set, the LCD data registers will be reset to zero. Blink Mode enable bit. If this bit is set, blink mode is enabled. The blink mode is configured by the BLKMOD[1:0] and BLKFREQ[1:0] bits in the LCD Clock SFR (LCDCLK, 0x96) Force LCD off when in PSM2 (Sleep mode). 0 The LCD is disabled or enabled in PSM2 by LCDEN bit. 1 The LCD is disabled in PSM2 regarless of LCDEN setting. LCD clock selection fLCDCLK 0 2048Hz 1 128Hz Bias Mode 0 1/2 1 1/3 LCD Multiplex level
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4
LCDPSM2
0
3
CLKSEL
0
2
BIAS
0
1-0
LMUX[1:0]
0
Preliminary Technical Data
LMUX[1:0] 0 0 0 1 Reserved 2x FP27/COM3 is used as FP27 FP28/COM2 is used as FP28 3x FP27/COM3 is used as FP27 FP28/COM2 is used as COM2 4x FP27/COM3 is used as COM3 FP28/COM2 is used as COM2
ADE7169F16
1
0
1
1
Table 72. LCD Configuration X SFR (LCDCONX, 0x9C)
Bit Location 7 6 Bit Mnemonic Reserved EXTRES Default Value 0 0 Description Reserved External Resistor Ladder selection bit. 0 External resistor ladder is disabled. Charge pump is enabled. 1 External resistor ladder is enabled. Charge pump is disabled. Bias Level Selection bits. See Table 73.
5-0
BIASLVL[5:0]
0
Table 73. LCD bias voltage when contrast control is enabled
BLVL[5] 0 1 VA (V)
BLVL[4 : 0] Vref x 31
1/2 Bias VB VC VB
1/3 Bias VC
BLVL[4 : 0] Vref x 1 + 31
VB = VA
VC = 2 x VA
VB = 2 x VA
VC = 3 x VA
Table 74. LCD Configuration Y SFR (LCDCONY, 0xB1)
Bit Location 7 6 Bit Mnemonic Reserved INV_LVL Default Value 0 0 Description This bit should be kept cleared for proper operation Frame Inversion Mode Enable bit If this bit is set, frames are inverted every other frame If this bit is cleared, frames are not inverted These bits should be kept cleared for proper operation Update finished flag bit. This bit is updated by LCD driver. When set, indicates that the LCD memory has been updated and a new frame has begun. Refresh LCD data memory bit, this bit should be set by user. When set, the LCD driver does not use the data in the LCD data registers to update display. The LCD data registers can be updated by the 8052. When clear, the LCD driver will use the data in the LCD data registers to update display at the next frame.
5-2 1
Reserved UPDATEOVER
0 0
0
REFRESH
0
Table 75. LCD Clock SFR (LCDCLK, 0x96)
Bit Location Bit Mnemonic Default Value Description
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ADE7169F16
7-6 BLKMOD[1:0] 0
Preliminary Technical Data
Blink Mode Clock Source Configuration bits BLKMOD[1:0] 0 0 The blink rate is controlled by software. The display is OFF. 0 1 The blink rate is controlled by software. The display is ON. 1 0 The blink rate is 2 Hz 1 1 The blink rate is set by BLKFREQ[1:0] Blink Rate Configuration bits These bits control LCD blink rate if BLKMOD[1:0]=11 BLKFREQ[1: Blink rate (Hz) 0] 0 0 1 0 1 1/2 1 0 1/3 1 1 1/4 LCD Frame Rate Selection bits. See Table 76 and Table 77.
5-4
BLKFREQ[1:0]
0
3-0
FD[3:0]
0
Table 76. LCD frame rate selection for fLCDCLK=2048Hz (LCDCON[3]=0) 2x multiplexing FD3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 FD2 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 FD1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 FD0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 fLCD(Hz) 256 170.7 128 102.4 85.3 73.1 64 56.9 51.2 46.5 42.7 39.4 36.6 34.1 32 16 Frame Rate (Hz) 128 85.3 64 51.2 42.7 36.6 32 28.5 25.6 23.25 21.35 19.7 18.3 17.05 16 8 3x multiplexing fLCD(Hz) 512 341.3 256 204.8 170.7 146.3 128 113.8 102.4 93.1 85.3 78.8 73.1 68.3 64 32 Frame Rate (Hz) 170.7 113.8 85.3 68.3 56.9 48.8 42.7 37.9 34.1 31 28.4 26.3 24.4 22.8 21.3 10.7 4x multiplexing fLCD(Hz) 512 341.3 256 204.8 170.7 146.3 128 113.8 102.4 93.1 85.3 78.8 73.1 68.3 64 32 Frame Rate (Hz) 128 85.3 64 51.2 42.7 36.6 32 28.5 25.6 23.25 21.35 19.7 18.3 17.05 16 8
Table 77. LCD frame rate selection for fLCDCLK=128Hz (LCDCON[3]=1) 2x multiplexing FD3 FD2 FD1 FD0 fLCD(Hz) Frame Rate (Hz) 3x multiplexing Frame Rate (Hz)
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4x multiplexing Frame Rate (Hz)
Preliminary Technical Data
1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 128 64 32 21.3 16 64 32 16 10.6 8 42.7 21.3 10.7 10.7 10.7 32 16 8 8 8
ADE7169F16
: Boxes shaded in grey are not within the range of typical LCD frame rates
Table 78. LCD Segment Enable SFR (LCDSEGE, 0x97)
Bit Location 7 Bit Mnemonic FP25EN Default Value 0 Description FP25 Function Select bit 0 General Purpose I/O 1 LCD Function FP24 Function Select bit 0 General Purpose I/O 1 LCD Function FP23 Function Select bit 0 General Purpose I/O 1 LCD Function FP22 Function Select bit 0 General Purpose I/O 1 LCD Function FP21 Function Select bit 0 General Purpose I/O 1 LCD Function FP20 Function Select bit 0 General Purpose I/O 1 LCD Function Delay before powerdown? FDELAY[1:0] 0 0 No timeout 0 1 2 cycles 1 0 4 cycles 1 1 8 cycles
6
FP24EN
0
5
FP23EN
0
4
FP22EN
0
3
FP21EN
0
2
FP20EN
0
1-0
FDELAY
0
Table 79. LCD Pointer SFR (LCDPTR, 0xAC)
Bit Location 7 Bit Mnemonic W/R Default Value 0 Description Read or Write LCD bit If this bit is set, the data in LCDDAT will be written to the address indicated by the bits LCDPTR[5 :0] Reserved LCD Memory Address - See Table 82.
6 5-0
RESERVED ADDRESS
0 0
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ADE7169F16
Table 80. LCD Data SFR (LCDDAT, 0xAE)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic LCDDATA Default Value 0 Description
Preliminary Technical Data
Data to be written into or read out of the LCD Memory SFRs.
Table 81. LCD Segment Enable 2 SFR (LCDSEGE2, 0xED)
Bit Location 7-4 Bit Mnemonic RESERVED Default Value 0 Description Reserved
3
FP19EN
0
2
FP18EN
0
1
FP17EN
0
0
FP16EN
0
FP19 Function Select bit 0 General Purpose I/O 1 LCD Function FP18 Function Select bit 0 General Purpose I/O 1 LCD Function FP17 Function Select bit 0 General Purpose I/O 1 LCD Function FP16 Function Select bit 0 General Purpose I/O 1 LCD Function
LCD SETUP
The LCD Configuration SFR (LCDCON, 0x95) configures the LCD module to drive the type of LCD in the user end system. The BIAS and LMUX[1:0] bits in this SFR should be set according to the LCD specifications. The COM2/FP28 and COM3/FP27 pins default to LCD segment lines. Selecting the 3x multiplex level in the LCD Configuration SFR (LCDCON, 0x95) by setting LMUX[1:0] to 2d, changes the FP28 pin functionality to COM2. The 4x multiplex level selection, LMUX[1:0]=3d, changes the FP28 pin to COM2 and the FP27 pin to COM3. LCD segments FP0-FP15 are enabled by default. Additional pins are selected for LCD functionality in the LCD Segment Enable SFR (LCDSEGE, 0x97) and LCD Segment Enable 2 SFR (LCDSEGE2, 0xED) where there are individual enable bits for segment pins FP16-25. The LCD pins do not have to be enabled sequentially. For example, if the alternate function of FP23, the timer 2 input, is required, then any of the other shared pins, FP16-25, could be enabled instead. The Display Element Control section contains details about setting up the LCD data memory to turn individual LCD segments ON and OFF. Setting the LCDRST bit in the LCD Configuration SFR (LCDCON, 0x95) will reset the LCD data memory to its default, zero. A power on reset also clears the LCD data memory.
LCD TIMING AND WAVEFORMS
An LCD segment acts like a capacitor that is charged and discharged at a certain rate. The rate at which these capacitors are charged and discharged, the refresh rate, determines the visual characteristics of the LCD. A slow refresh rate will result in the user being able to see the LCD blink on and off in between refreshes. A fast refresh rate will present a screen that appears to be lit up continuously. However, a faster refresh rate consumes more power. The frame rate, or refresh rate, for the LCD module is derived from the LCD clock, fLCDCLK. The LCD clock is selected as 2048Hz or 128Hz by the CLKSEL bit in the LCD Configuration X SFR (LCDCONX, 0x9C). The minimum refresh rate that is needed for the LCD to appear solid, without blinking, is independent of the multiplex level. The LCD waveform frequency, fLCD, is the frequency at which the LCD switches which common line is active. Thus the LCD waveform frequency depends heavily on the multiplex level. The frame rate and LCD waveform frequency are set by fLCDCLK, the multiplex level and the FD[3:0] frame rate selection bits in the LCD Clock SFR (LCDCLK, 0x96). The LCD module provides 16 different frame rates for fLCDCLK=2048Hz, ranging from 8 to 128Hz for an LCD with 4x multiplexing. There are fewer options available with fLCDCLK=128Hz, ranging from 8 to 32Hz for a 4x multiplexed
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Preliminary Technical Data
LCD. The 128Hz clock is beneficial for battery operation because it consumes less power than the 2048Hz clock. The frame rate is set by the FD[3:0] bits in the LCD Clock SFR (LCDCLK, 0x96)--see Table 76 and Table 77. The LCD waveform is inverted at twice the LCD waveform frequency, fLCD. This way each frame has an average DC offset of zero. ADC offset would degrade the lifetime and performance of the LCD.
07h 06h 05h 04h 03h 02h 01h 00h
FP15 FP15 FP15 FP15 FP14 FP13 FP13 FP13 FP13 FP12
ADE7169F16
FP14 FP14 FP14 FP12 FP12 FP12
FP11
FP11
FP11
FP11
FP10
FP10
FP10
FP10
FP9
FP9
FP9
FP9
FP8
FP8
FP8
FP8
FP7
FP7
FP7
FP7
FP6
FP6
FP6
FP6
FP5
FP5
FP5
FP5
FP4
FP4
FP4
FP4
BLINK MODE
Blink mode is enabled by setting the BLINKEN bit in the LCD Configuration SFR (LCDCON, 0x95). This mode is used to alternate between LCD on and off states so that the LCD screen appears to blink. There are two blinking modes: a software controlled blink mode and an automatic blink mode.
FP3
FP3
FP3
FP3
FP2
FP2
FP2
FP2
FP1
FP1
FP1
FP1
FP0
FP0
FP0
FP0
COM# designates the common lines FP# designates the segment lines The LCD data memory is accessed indirectly through the LCD Pointer SFR (LCDPTR, 0xAC)and Table 80. LCD Data SFR (LCDDAT, 0xAE). Moving a value to the LCD Pointer SFR (LCDPTR, 0xAC) selects the LCD data byte to be accessed and initiates a read or write operation--see Table 79.
Software Controlled Blink Mode
The LCD blink rate can be controlled by user code with the BLKMOD[1:0] bits in the LCD Clock SFR (LCDCLK, 0x96) by toggling the bits to turn the display on and off at a rate determined by the MCU code.
Writing to LCD Data registers
To update the LCD data memory, first set the LSB of the LCD Configuration Y SFR (LCDCONY, 0xB1) to freeze the data being displayed on the LCD while updating it. Then, move the data to the LCD Data SFR (LCDDAT, 0xAE) prior to accessing the LCD Pointer SFR (LCDPTR, 0xAC). When the MSB of the LCD Pointer SFR (LCDPTR, 0xAC) is set, the content of the LCD Data SFR (LCDDAT, 0xAE) is transferred to the internal LCD data memory designated by the address in the LCD Pointer SFR (LCDPTR, 0xAC). Clear the LSB of the LCD Configuration Y SFR (LCDCONY, 0xB1) when all of the data memory has been updated to allow to use the new LCD set up for display. Sample 8052 code to update the segments attached to pins FP10 and FP11 on is shown below: ORL MOV MOV ANL LCDCONY,#01h ; start updating the data LCDDATA,#FFh LCDPTR,#80h OR 05h LCDCONY,#0FEh ; update finished
Automatic Blink Mode
There are five blink rates available if the RTC peripheral is enabled (enable the RTC by...xxx). These blink rates are selected by the BLKMOD[1:0] and BLKFREQ[1:0] bits in the LCD Clock SFR (LCDCLK, 0x96) - see Table 75.
DISPLAY ELEMENT CONTROL
A bank of 15 bytes of data memory located in the LCD module controls the on or off state of each segment of the LCD. The LCD data memory is stored in addresses 0 through 14 in the LCD module. Each byte configures the on and off states of two segment lines. The LSBs store the state of the even numbered segment lines and the MSBs store the state of the odd numbered segment lines. For example, LCD data address zero refers to segment lines one and zero--see Table 82. Note that the LCD data memory is maintained in the PSM2 operating mode. Table 82. LCD Data Memory accessed indirectly through LCD Pointer SFR (LCDPTR, 0xAC) and LCD Data SFR (LCDDAT, 0xAE)
LCD Memory Address
COM3 COM2 COM1 COM0 COM3 COM2 COM1 COM0
Reading LCD Data registers
When the MSB of the LCD Pointer SFR (LCDPTR, 0xAC) is cleared, the content of the LCD Data memory address designated by LCDPTR are transferred to the LCD Data SFR (LCDDAT, 0xAE). Sample 8052 code to read the contents of LCD data memory address 07h, which holds the on and off state of the segments attached to FP14 and FP15, is shown below: MOV MOV LCDPTR,#NOT 80h AND 07h R1, LCDDATA
0Eh 0Dh 0Ch 0Bh 0Ah 09h 08h
FP27 FP27 FP27 FP27
FP28
FP28
FP28
FP28
FP26
FP26
FP26
FP26
FP25
FP25
FP25
FP25
FP24
FP24
FP24
FP24
FP23
FP23
FP23
FP23
FP22
FP22
FP22
FP22
FP21
FP21
FP21
FP21
FP20
FP20
FP20
FP20
FP19
FP19
FP19
FP19
FP18
FP18
FP18
FP18
VOLTAGE GENERATION
FP17 FP17 FP17 FP17 FP16 FP16 FP16 FP16
The ADE7169F16 provides two ways to generate the LCD
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ADE7169F16
waveform voltage levels. The on-chip charge pump option can generate 5V. This makes it possible to use 5V LCDs with the 3.3V ADE7169F16. There is also an option to use an external resistor ladder with a 3.3V LCD. The EXTRES bit in the LCD Configuration X SFR (LCDCONX, 0x9C) selects the resistor ladder or charge pump option. When selecting how to generate the LCD waveform voltages, the following should be considered:
Preliminary Technical Data
LCD EXTERNAL CIRCUITRY
The voltage generation selection is made by bit EXTRES in the LCD Configuration X SFR (LCDCONX, 0x9C). This bit is clear by default for charge pump voltage generation but can be set to enable an external resistor ladder. Charge Pump: Voltage generation through the charge pump requires external capacitors to store charge. The external connections to VA, VB, and VC as well as VP1 and VP2 are shown in LCD Configuration X SFR (LCDCONX, 0x9C).
* * *
Power Consumption Contrast Control Lifetime Performance
LCDVC LCDVB LCDVA
470nF 470nF 470nF 100nF
Power Consumption
In most LCDs, a high amount of current is required when the LCD waveforms change state. The external resistor ladder option draws a constant amount of current whereas the charge pump circuitry allows dynamic current consumption. If the LCD module is used with the internal charge pump option, when the display is disabled, the voltage generation is disabled, so that no power is consumed by the LCD function. This feature will result in significant power savings if the display is turned off in battery operation.
Charge Pump LCDVP1 and LCD Waveform LCDVP2 Circuitry
Figure 63: External circuitry for Charge Pump option
Contrast control
The electrical characteristics of the liquid in the LCD change over temperature, requiring adjustments in the LCD waveform voltages to ensure a readable display. An added benefit of the internal charge pump voltage generation is a configurable bias voltage that can be compensated over temperature and supply to maintain contrast on the LCD. These compensations can be performed based on the ADE7169F16 temperature and supply voltage measurements--see the Temperature, Battery and Supply Voltage Measurements section. This dynamic contrast control is not easily implemented with external resistor ladder voltage generation. The LCD bias voltage sets the contrast of the display when the charge-pump provides the LCD waveform voltages. The ADE7169F16 provides 64 bias levels selectable using the BLVL bits in the LCD Configuration X SFR (LCDCONX, 0x9C). The voltage level on LCDVA, LCDVB and LCDVC depend on the the Interntal voltage reference value (Vref), BLVL[5:0] selection and the biasing selected as described in Table 73.
External Resistor Ladder: To enable the external resistor ladder option, set the EXTRES bit in the LCD Configuration X SFR (LCDCONX, 0x9C). When EXTRES=1, the LCD waveform voltages are supplied by the external resistor ladder. Since the LCD voltages are not being generated on-chip, the LCD bias compensation implemented to maintain contrast over temperature and supply is not possible. The external circuitry needed for the resistor ladder option is shown in Figure 64. The resistors required should be in the range of 10k to 100k and based on the current required by the LCD being used.
LCDVC LCDVB LCDVA
LCD Waveform LCDVP1 Circuitry
LCDVP2
Lifetime Performance
DC offset on a segment will degrade its performance over time. The voltages generated through the internal charge pump switch faster than those generated by the external resistor ladder, reducing the likelihood of a DC voltage being applied to a segment and increasing the lifetime of the LCD.
Figure 64: External circuitry for External Resistor Ladder option
LCD FUNCTION IN PSM2
The LCDPSM2 bit in the LCD Configuration SFR (LCDCON, 0x95) and the LCDEN bit in the LCD Configuration SFR
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Preliminary Technical Data
(LCDCON, 0x95) control LCD functionality in the PSM2 operating mode.
LCDPSM2 0 0 1 LCDEN 0 1 X Comments The display is OFF in PSM2. The display is ON in PSM2. The display is OFF in PSM2.
ADE7169F16
To setup the same 3.3V LCD for use with an external resistor ladder: ; setup LCD pins to have LCD functionality
MOV MOV LCDSEG, #FP20EN+FP21EN+FP22EN+FP23EN LCDSEGX, #FP16EN+FP17EN+FP18EN+FP19EN
Note that the LCD configuration and data memory is retained when the display is turned off.
EXAMPLE LCD SETUP
An example to set up the LCD peripheral for a specific LCD is described below. Type of LCD: 5V, 4x multiplexed with 1/3 bias, 96 segments Voltage Generation: Internal Charge Pump Refresh Rate: 64Hz A 96 segment LCD with 4x multiplexing requires 96/4=24 segment lines. There are 16 pins that automatically dedicated for use as LCD segments, FP0 to FP15. Eight more pins must be chosen for the LCD function. Since the LCD has 4x multiplexing, all four common lines are used so COM2/FP28 and COM3/FP27 cannot be utilized as segment lines. Based on the alternate functions of the pins used for FP16 through FP25, FP16-23 are chosen for the seven remaining segment lines. These pins will be enabled for LCD functionality in the LCD Segment Enable SFR (LCDSEGE, 0x97) and LCD Segment Enable 2 SFR (LCDSEGE2, 0xED). To determine contrast setting for this 5V LCD, look in Table 73 to find the BIASLVL[5:0] setting that corresponds to a VC of 5V in 1/3 Bias Mode. The nominal bias level setting for this LCD is BIASLVL[5:0]=[111111]. The LCD is setup with the following 8052 code: ; setup LCD pins to have LCD functionality MOV LCDSEG, # FP20EN+FP21EN+FP22EN+FP23EN MOV LCDSEGX, #FP16EN+FP17EN+FP18EN+FP19EN
; setup LCDCON for fLCDCLK=2048Hz, 1/3 bias and 4x multiplexing MOV LCDCON, #BIAS+LMUX1+LMUX0 ; setup LCDCONX for charge pump and BIASLVL[1110111] MOV LCDCONX, #BIASLVL5+BIASLVL4+BIASLVL3+ BIASLVL2+BIASLVL1+BIASLVL0 ; set up refresh rate for 64Hz with fLCDCLK=2048Hz, from Table 76 MOV LCDCLK, #FD3+FD2+FD1+FD0 ; set up LCD data registers with data to be displayed using ; LCDPTR and LCDDATA registers ; turn all segments on FP25 ON and FP26 OFF ORL LCDCONY,#01h ; start data memory refresh MOV LCDDAT, #F0H MOV LCDPTR, #80h OR 0DH ANL LCDCONY,#0FEh ; end of data memory refresh ORL LCDCON,#LCDEN ; enable LCD
; setup LCDCON for fLCDCLK=2048Hz, 1/3 bias and 4x multiplexing MOV LCDCON, #BIAS+LMUX1+LMUX0 ; setup LCDCONX for external resistor ladder MOV LCDCONX, #EXTRES ; set up refresh rate for 64Hz with fLCDCLK=2048Hz, from Table 76 MOV LCDCLK, #FD3+FD2+FD1+FD0 ; set up LCD data registers with data to be displayed using ; LCDPTR and LCDDATA registers ; turn all segments on FP25 ON and FP26 OFF ORL LCDCONY,#01h ; start data memory refresh MOV LCDDAT, #F0H MOV LCDPTR, #80h OR 0DH ANL LCDCONY,#0FEh ; end of data memory refresh ORL LCDCON,#LCDEN ; enable LCD
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ADE7169F16 FLASH MEMORY
FLASH MEMORY OVERVIEW
Flash memory is a type of non-volatile memory that is incircuit programmable. The default, erased, state of a byte of flash memory is 0xFF. When a byte of flash memory is programmed, the required bits change from one to zero. The flash memory must be erased to turn the zeros back to ones. However, a byte of flash memory cannot be erased individually. The entire segment, or page, of flash memory that contains the byte must be erased. The ADE7169F16 provides 16kbytes of flash program/information memory. This memory is segmented into 32 pages of 512 bytes each. So, to reprogram one byte of flash memory, the 511 bytes in that page must be erased. The flash memory can be erased by page or all at once in a mass erase. There is a command to verify that a flash write operation has completed successfully. The ADE7169F16 flash memory controller also offers configurable flash memory protection. The 16 kbytes of flash memory are provided on-chip to facilitate code execution without any external discrete ROM device requirements. The program memory can be programmed incircuit, using the serial download mode provided or using conventional third party memory programmers.
Preliminary Technical Data
endurance figure of 20,000 cycles of operation at 25C. Retention is the ability of the Flash memory to retain its programmed data over time. Again, the parts have been qualified in accordance with the formal JEDEC Retention Lifetime Specification (A117) at a specific junction temperature (TJ = 55C). As part of this qualification procedure, the Flash memory is cycled to its specified endurance limit described previously, before data retention is characterized. This means that the Flash memory is guaranteed to retain its data for its full specified retention lifetime every time the Flash memory is reprogrammed. It should also be noted that retention lifetime, based on an activation energy of 0.6 eV, derates with TJ as shown in Figure 65.
300
250
RETENTION (Years)
200
150
ADI SPECIFICATION 100 YEARS MIN. AT TJ = 55C
100
50
04741-0-028
Flash/EE Memory Reliability
The Flash memory arrays on the ADE7169F16 are fully qualified for two key Flash/EE memory characteristics: Flash/EE memory cycling endurance and Flash/EE memory data retention. Endurance quantifies the ability of the Flash/EE memory to be cycled through many program, read, and erase cycles. In real terms, a single endurance cycle is composed of four independent, sequential events: 1. 2. 3. 4. Initial page erase sequence Read/verify sequence Byte program sequence Second read/verify sequence
0 40
50
60 70 90 80 TJ JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (C)
100
110
Figure 65. Flash/EE Memory Data Retention
FLASH MEMORY ORGANIZATION
The 16kbytes of flash memory provided by the ADE7169F16 are segmented into 32 pages of 512 bytes each. It is up to the user to decide which Flash memory he would like to allocate for data memory. It is recommended that each page be dedicated solely to program or data memory so that an instance does not arise where the program counter is loaded with data memory instead of an opcode from the program memory or where program memory is erased to update a byte of data memory.
In reliability qualification, every byte in both the program and data Flash/EE memory is cycled from 00H to FFH until a first fail is recorded, signifying the endurance limit of the on-chip Flash/EE memory. As indicated in the specification table, the ADE7169F16 flash memory endurance qualification has been carried out in accordance with JEDEC Specification A117 over the industrial temperature range of -40C, +25C and +85C. The results allow the specification of a minimum endurance figure over supply and temperature of 100,000 cycles, with a minimum
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Preliminary Technical Data
0x3FFF 0x3E00 0x3DFF 0x3C00 0x3BFF 0x3A00 0x39FF 0x3800 0x37FF 0x3600 0x35FF 0x3400 0x33FF 0x3200 0x31FF 0x3000 0x2FFF 0x2E00 0x2DFF 0x2C00 0x2BFF 0x2A00 0x29FF 0x2800 0x27FF 0x2600 0x25FF 0x2400 0x23FF 0x2200 0x21FF 0x2000 PAGE 31 PAGE 30 PAGE 29 PAGE 28 PAGE 27 PAGE 26 PAGE 25 PAGE 24 PAGE 23 PAGE 22 PAGE 21 PAGE 20 PAGE 19 PAGE 18 PAGE 17 PAGE 16 0x1FFF 0x1E00 0x1DFF READ PROTECT 0x1C00 0x1BFF BIT 7 0x1A00 0x19FF 0x1800 0x17FF 0x1600 0x15FF READ PROTECT 0x1400 0x13FF BIT 6 0x1200 0x11FF 0x1000 0x0FFF 0x0E00 0x0DFF READ PROTECT 0x0C00 0x0BFF BIT 5 0x0A00 0x09FF 0x0800 0x07FF 0x0600 0x05FF READ PROTECT 0x0400 0x03FF BIT 4 0x0200 0x01FF 0x0000 CONTAINS PROTECTION SETTINGS PAGE 15 PAGE 14 PAGE 13 PAGE 12 PAGE 11 PAGE 10 PAGE 9 PAGE 8 PAGE 7 PAGE 6 PAGE 5 PAGE 4 PAGE 3 PAGE 2 PAGE 1 PAGE 0 READ PROTECT BIT 0 READ PROTECT BIT 1 READ PROTECT BIT 2 READ PROTECT BIT 3
ADE7169F16
USING THE FLASH MEMORY
The 16 kbytes of Flash memory are configured as 32 pages, each of 512 bytes. As with the other ADE7169F16 peripherals, the interface to this memory space is via a group of registers mapped in the SFR space - see . A data register, EDATA, holds the byte of data to be accessed. The byte of flash memory is addressed via the EADRH and EADRL registers. The Flash SFRs Table 83. Flash SFRs SFR ECON FLSHKY PROTKY Address 0xB9 0xBA 0xBB Default Value 0x00 0xFF 0xFF Bit Addressable No No No Description Flash Control Flash Key Flash Protection Key Flash Data Flash W/E Protection 0 Flash W/E Protection 1 Flash Read protection Flash Low address Flash High address
EDATA PROTB0 PROTB1 PROTR EADRL EADRH
0xBC 0xBD 0xBE 0xBF 0xC6 0xC7
0x00 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0x00 0x00
No No No No No No
Figure 66: Flash Memory Organization
The flash memory can be protected from read or write/erase access. The protection is implemented in part of the last page of the flash memory, Page 31. Four of the bytes from this page are used to set up write/erase protection for each of the pages. Another byte is used for configuring read protection of the flash memory. The read protection is selected for groups of four pages. Finally, there is a byte used to store the key required for modifying the protection scheme. If any code protection is required, the last page of flash memory must be write/erase protected at a minimum. The implication of write/erase protecting the last page is that the content of the 506 bytes in this page that are available to the user must not change. Thus it is recommended that if code protection is enabled, this last page should be used for program memory only if the firmware does not need to be updated in the field. If the firmware must be protected and can be updated at a future date, the last page should be used only for constants used by the program code that will not need to be read during emulation or debug. Therefore, Pages 0 through 30 are for general program and data memory use. It is recommended that Page 31 is used for constants or code that will not need to be updated. Note that the last 6 bytes of Page 31 are reserved for protecting the flash memory.
Finally, ECON is an 8-bit control register that can be written to with one of seven Flash memory access commands to trigger various read, write, erase, and verify functions. Figure 67 demonstrates the steps required for access to the flash memory.
ECON Command Address EADRH EADRL Flash Protection Key FLSHKY ADDRESS DECODER FLSHKY=0x3B? PROTECTION DECODER ACCESS ALLOWED? TRUE: ACCESS ALLOWED ECON=0 FALSE: ACCESS DENIED ECON=1
Figure 67: Flash Memory Read/Write/Erase Protection Block Diagram
ECON--Flash/EE Memory Control SFR
Programming Flash memory is done through the Flash memory control Flash Control SFR (ECON, 0xB9). This SFR allows the user to read, write, erase, or verify the 16 kbytes of Flash memory. As a method of security, a key must be written to the FLSHKY register to initiate any user access to the flash
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ADE7169F16
memory. Upon completion of the flash memory operation, the FLSHKY register is reset such that it must be written prior to another flash memory operation. Requiring the key to be set before an access to the flash memory decreases the likelihood of user code or data being overwritten by a program that has run amuck. The program counter, PC, is held on the instruction where the ECON register is written to until the flash memory controller is Table 84. Flash Control SFR (ECON, 0xB9)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic ECON Default Value 0 Description 1
Preliminary Technical Data
done performing the requested operation. Then the PC increments to continue with the next instruction. Any interrupts requests that occur while the flash controller is performing an operation are not handled until the flash operation is complete. All peripherals, such as timers and counters, will continue to operate as configured throughout the flash memory access.
2
3
4 5
8
Write byte: The value in EDATA is written to the Flash memory, at the page address given by EADRH and EARDL. Note that the byte being addressed must be pre-erased Erase page: A 512-byte page of Flash memory address is erased. The page is selected by the address in EADRH/L. Any address in the page can be written to EADRH/L to select it for erasure. Erase all: All 16kbytes of the Flash memory are erased. Note: This command is used during serial and parallel download modes but should not be executed by user code. Read byte: The byte in the Flash memory, addressed by EADRH/L, is read into EDATA. Erase page and write byte: The page that holds the byte addressed by EADRH/L is erased. Then, data in EDATA is written to the byte of flash memory addressed by EADRH/L. Protect code: See Protecting the Flash.
Table 85. Flash Key SFR (FLSHKY, 0xBA)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic FLSHKY Default Value 0xFF Description The content of this SFR is compared to the Flash key - 0x3B. If the two values match the next ECON operation is allowed - see Protecting the Flash.
Table 86. Flash Protection Key SFR (PROTKY, 0xBB)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic PROTKY Default Value 0xFF Description The content of this SFR is compared to the Flash memory location at address 0x3FFA. If the two values match, the update of the Write/Erase and Read protection set up is allowed - see Protecting the Flash. If the protection Key in the flash is 0xFF, PROTKY SFR value is not used for comparison. The PROTKY SFR is also used to write the protection key in the flash. This is done by writing the desired value in PROTKY and write 0x08 in the ECON SFR. This operation can only be done once.
Table 87. Flash Data SFR (EDATA, 0xBC)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic EDATA Default Value 0 Description Flash pointer data
Table 88. Flash Write/Erase Protection 0 SFR (PROTB0, 0xBD)
Bit Bit Default Description
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Preliminary Technical Data
Location 7-0 Mnemonic PROTB0 Value 0xFF
ADE7169F16
This SFR is used to write the write/erase protection bits for pages 0 to 7 of the Flash memory - see Protecting the Flash. Clearing the bit enables the protection. PROTB0.7: Page 7 PROTB0.6: Page 6 PROTB0.5: Page 5 PROTB0.4: Page 4 PROTB0.3: Page 3 PROTB0.2: Page 2 PROTB0.1: Page 1 PROTB0.0: Page 0
Table 89. Flash Write/Erase Protection 1 SFR (PROTB1, 0xBE)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic PROTB1 Default Value 0xFF Description This SFR is used to write the write/erase protection bits for pages 8 to 15 of the Flash memory - see Protecting the Flash. Clearing the bit enables the protection. PROTB1.7: Page 15 PROTB1.6: Page 14 PROTB1.5: Page 13 PROTB1.4: Page 12 PROTB1.3: Page 11 PROTB1.2: Page 10 PROTB1.1: Page 9 PROTB1.0: Page 8
Table 90. Flash Read Protection SFR (PROTR, 0xBF)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic PROTR Default Value 0xFF Description This SFR is used to write the read protection bits for pages 0 to 31 of the Flash memory - see Protecting the Flash. Clearing the bit enables the protection. PROTR.7: Page 28 to 31 PROTR.6: Page 24 to 27 PROTR.5: Page 20 to 23 PROTR.4: Page 16 to 19 PROTR.3: Page 12 to 15 PROTR.2: Page 8 to 11 PROTR.1: Page 4 to 7 PROTR.0: Page 0 to 3
Table 91. Flash Low Byte Address SFR (EADRL, 0xC6)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic EADRL Default Value 0 Description Flash pointer low byte address This SFR is also used to write the write/erase protection bits for pages 16 to 23 of the Flash memory - see Protecting the Flash. Clearing the bit enables the protection. EADRL.7: Page 23 EADRL.6: Page 22 EADRL.5: Page 21
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ADE7169F16
EADRL.4: Page 20 EADRL.3: Page 19 EADRL.2: Page 18 EADRL.1: Page 17 EADRL.0: Page 16
Preliminary Technical Data
Table 92. Flash High Byte Address SFR (EADRH, 0xC7)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic EADRH Default Value 0 Description Flash pointer high byte address This SFR is also used to write the write/erase protection bits for pages 24 to 31 of the Flash memory - see Protecting the Flash. Clearing the bit enables the protection. EADRH.7: Page 31 EADRH.6: Page 30 EADRH.5: Page 29 EADRH.4: Page 28 EADRH.3: Page 27 EADRH.2: Page 26 EADRH.1: Page 25 EADRH.0: Page 24
Flash functions
Sample 8051 code is provided below to demonstrate how to use the Flash functions. For these examples, the byte of flash memory, 0x3C00 is accessed. Write Byte: Write F3H into flash memory byte 0x3C00. MOV EDATA, #F3h MOV EADRH, #3Ch MOV EADRL, #00h MOV FLSHKY, #3Bh MOV ECON, #01H ; Data to be written ; Setup byte address ; Write Flash security key. ; Write Byte
MOV ECON, #04H ; Read Byte ; Data is ready in EDATA register Erase Page and Write Byte: Erase the page containing flash memory byte 0x3C00 and then write F3H to that address. Note that the other 511 bytes in this page will be erased. MOV EDATA, #F3h MOV EADRH, #3Ch MOV EADRL, #00h MOV FLSHKY, #3Bh MOV ECON, #05H ; Data to be written ; Setup byte address ; Write Flash security key. ; Erase page and then write byte
Erase Page: Erase the page containing flash memory byte 0x3C00. MOV EADRH, #3Ch MOV EADRL, #00h MOV FLSHKY, #3Bh MOV ECON, #02H ; Select page through byte address ; Write Flash security key. ; Erase Page
PROTECTING THE FLASH
Two forms of protection are offered for this flash memory: read protection and write/erase protection. The read protection ensures that any pages that are read protected will not be able to be read by the end user. The write protection ensures that the flash memory cannot be erased or written over. This protects the end system from tampering and can prevent the code from being overwritten in the event of a runaway program. Write/erase protection is individually selectable for all of the 32 pages. Read protection is selected in groups of 4 pages. See Figure 66 for the groupings. The protection bits are stored in the last flash memory locations, addresses 0x3FFA through 0x3FFF- see Figure 68. 4 bytes are reserved for write/erase protection, 1 byte for read protection and another byte to set the protection security key. The user must enable read and write/erase protection for the last page at a minimum for the entire protection scheme to work.
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Erase All: Erase all of the 16kbyte flash memory MOV FLSHKY, #3Bh MOV ECON, #03H ; Write Flash security key. ; Erase All
Read Byte: Read flash memory byte 0x3C00. MOV EADRH, #3Ch MOV EADRL, #00h MOV FLSHKY, #3Bh ; Setup byte address ; Write Flash security key.
Preliminary Technical Data
Remark: The read protection does not prevent MOVC commands to be executed within the code. There is an additional layer of protection offered by a protection security key. The user can setup a protection security key so that the protection scheme cannot be changed without this key. Once the protection key has been configured, it may not be modified. 4. 5.
ADE7169F16
Note that once the protection key is configured, it cannot be modified. Run the protection command by writing 08H to the ECON register. Reset the chip to activate the new protection.
Enabling Flash Protection by Code
The protection byts in the Flash can be programmed using Flash controller command and programming ECON to 0x08. The EADRH, EADRL, PROTB1 and PROTB0 bytes are used in this case to store the data to be written to the 32 bits of write protection. Note that the EADRH and EADRL registers are not used as data pointers here, but to store write protection data.
EADRH EADRL PROTB1 PROTB0 PROTR PROTKY 0x3FFF 0x3FFE 0x3FFD 0x3FFC WP 31 WP 23 WP 15 WP 7 WP 30 WP 22 WP 14 WP 6 WP 29 WP 21 WP 13 WP 5 WP 28 WP 20 WP 12 WP 4 WP 27 WP 19 WP 11 WP 3 WP 26 WP 18 WP 10 WP 2 WP 25 WP 17 WP 9 WP 1 RP 7-4 WP 24 WP 16 WP 9 WP 0 RP 3-0
To enable read and write/erase protection for the last page only, use the following 8051 code. Writing the flash protection command to the ECON register initiates programming the protection bits in the flash. ; enable write/erase protection on the last page only MOV EADRH, #07FH MOV EADRL, #0FFH MOV PROTB1, #FFH MOV PROTB0, #FFH ; enable read protection on the last four pages only MOV PROTR, #07FH ; set up a protection key of 0A3H. This command can be ; omitted to use the default protection key of 0xFF MOV PROTKY, #0A3H ; write the flash key to the FLSHKY register to enable flash ; access. The flash access key is not configurable. MOV FLSHKY, #3BH ; write flash protection command to the ECON register MOV ECON, #08H
RP RP RP RP RP RP 0x3FFB 31-28 27-24 23-20 19-16 15-12 11-8 0x3FFA 0x3FF9
PROTECTION KEY
0x3E00
Figure 68: Flash Protection in Page 31
The sequence for writing the protection bits is: 1. Set up the EADRH, EADRL, PROTB1 and PROTB0 registers with the write/erase protection bits. When erased, the protection bits default to 1, like any other bit of Flash memory. The default protection setting is for no protection. To enable protection, write a 0 to the bits corresponding to the pages that should be protected. Set up the PROTR register with the read protection bits. Note that every read protection bit protects four pages. To enable the read protection bit, write a 0 to the bits that should be read protected. To enable the protection key, write to the PROTKY register. If enabled, the protection key will be required to modify the protection scheme. The protection key, flash memory address 0x3FFA defaults to FFH so if the PROTKY register is not written to, it will remain 0xFFH. If the protection key is written to, the PROTKY register must be written with this value every time the protection functionality is accessed.
Enabling Flash Protection by emulator commands
Another way to set the Flash protection bytes is to use some reserved emulator commands available only in download mode. These commands write directly to the SFRs and can be used to duplicate the operation mentioned in the Enabling Flash Protection by Code paragraph. Once these Flash bytes are written, the part can exit emulation mode by reset and the protections will be effective. This method can be used in production and implemented after downloading the program. The commands used for this operation are an extension of the commands listed in the application note uC004 - Understanding the Serial Download Protocol: - Command with ASCII code `I' or 0x49 write the data into R0 - Command with ASCII code `F' or 0x46 write R0 into the SFR address defined in the data of this command Omitting the protocol defined in uC004, the sequence to load protections are similar to the sequence presented mentioned in the Enabling Flash Protection by Code paragraph.except that two emulator commands are necessary to replace one assembly
2.
3.
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ADE7169F16
command. For example to write the protection value in EADRH the two following commands need to be executed: Command `I ` with Data = Value of protection byte 0x3FFF Command `F' with Data = 0xC7
VERIFY BYTE
Preliminary Technical Data
1 byte 100ns
Following this protocol, the protection can be written to the Flash using the same sequence as mentioned in the Enabling Flash Protection by Code paragraph. When the part is reset the protection will be effective.
Notes on Flash Protection
The flash protection scheme is disabled by default so that none of the pages of the flash are protected from reading or writing/erasing. The last page must be read and write/erase protected for the protection scheme to work. To activate the protection settings, the ADE7169F16 must be reset after configuring the protection. After configuring protection on the last page and resetting the part, protections that have been enabled can only be removed by mass erasing the flash memory. The protection bits are read and erase protected by enabling read and write/erase protection the last page, but the protection bits are never truly write protected. Protection bits can be programmed modified from a 1 to a 0, even after the last page has been protected. In this way, more protection can be added but none can be removed. If a page of code is write/erase protected, it cannot be written over even if an erase all command is issued. The write/erase protected page will not be updated if new code is downloaded. If a page is read protected, this part of the code cannot be read or emulated. The protection scheme is intended to protect the end system. Protection should be disabled while developing and emulating code.
Note that the core microcontroller operation is idled until the requested flash memory operation is complete. In practice, this means that even though the Flash operation is typically initiated with a two-machine-cycle MOV instruction (to write to the Flash Control SFR (ECON, 0xB9)), the next instruction is not executed until the Flash/EE operation is complete. This means that the core cannot respond to interrupt requests until the Flash/EE operation is complete, although the core peripheral functions such as counter/ timers continue to count as configured throughout this period.
IN CIRCUIT PROGRAMMING
Serial Downloading
The ADE7169F16 facilitates code download via the standard UART serial port. The parts enter serial download mode after a reset or a power cycle if the SDEN pin is pulled low through an external 1 k resistor. Once in serial download mode, the hidden embedded download kernel executes. This allows the user to download code to the full 16 kbytes of Flash memory while the device is in circuit in its target application hardware. Protection configured in the last page of the ADE7169F16 affects whether flash memory can be accessed in serial download mode. Read protected pages cannot be read. Write/erase protected pages cannot be written or erased. The configuration bits cannot be programmed in serial download mode.
Flash memory timing
Typical program and erase times for the flash memory are as follows:
Command WRITE BYTE ERASE PAGE ERASEALL READ BYTE ERASEPAGE and WRITE BYTE Bytes Affected 1 byte 512 bytes 16 kbytes 1 bytes 512 bytes Flash Memory Timing 30us 20ms 200ms 100ns 21ms
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Preliminary Technical Data TIMERS
The ADE7169F16 has three 16-bit timer/ counters: Timer 0, Timer 1, and Timer 2. The timer/counter hardware is included on-chip to relieve the processor core of the overhead inherent in implementing timer/counter functionality in software. Each timer/counter consists of two 8-bit registers: THx and TLx (x = 0, 1, or 2). All three can be configured to operate either as timers or as event counters. When functioning as a timer, the TLx register is incremented every machine cycle. Thus, one can think of it as counting machine cycles. Because a machine cycle on a single-cycle core consists of one core clock period, the maximum count rate is the core clock frequency. Table 93. Timer SFRs SFR TCON TMOD TL0 TL1 TH0 TH1 T2CON RCAP2L RCAP2H TL2 TH2 Address 0x88 0x89 0x8A 0x8B 0x8C 0x8D 0xC8 0xCA 0xCB 0xCC 0xCD Bit Addressable Yes No No No No No Yes No No No No Description Timer0 and Timer1 Control Register - see Table 95 Timer Mode register- see Table 94 Timer0 LSB- see Table 98 Timer1 LSB- see Table 100 Timer0 MSB- see Table 97 Timer1 MSB- see Table 99 Timer2 Control Register - see Table 96 Timer2 Reload/Capture LSB - see Table 104 Timer2 Reload/Capture MSB - see Table 103 Timer2 LSB - see Table 102 Timer2 MSB - see Table 101
ADE7169F16
When functioning as a counter, the TLx register is incremented by a 1-to-0 transition at its corresponding external input pin: T0, T1, or T2. When the samples show a high in one cycle and a low in the next cycle, the count is incremented. Because it takes two machine cycles (two core clock periods) to recognize a 1-to-0 transition, the maximum count rate is half the core clock frequency. There are no restrictions on the duty cycle of the external input signal, but, to ensure that a given level is sampled at least once before it changes, it must be held for a minimum of one full machine cycle. User configuration and control of all timer operating modes is achieved via the SFRs in Table 93.
TIMER SFR REGISTER LIST
Table 94. Timer/Counter 0 and 1 Mode SFR (TMOD, 0x89)
Bit Location 7 Bit Mnemonic Gate1 Default Value 0 Description Timer 1 Gating Control. Set by software to enable Timer/Counter 1 only while the INT1 pin is high and the TR1 control is set. Cleared by software to enable Timer 1 whenever the TR1control bit is set. Timer 1 Timer or Counter Select Bit. Set by software to select counter operation (input from T1 pin). Cleared by software to select the timer operation (input from internal system clock). Timer 1 Mode Select bits M1 M0 Description 0 0 0 1 TH1 operates as an 8-bit timer/counter. TL1 serves as 5-bit prescaler. 16-Bit Timer/Counter. TH1 and TL1 are cascaded; there is no prescaler.
6
C_T1
0
5-4
T1_M1, T1_M0
00
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ADE7169F16
1 0
Preliminary Technical Data
8-Bit Autoreload Timer/Counter. TH1 holds a value that is to be reloaded into TL1 each time it overflows. 1 1 Timer/Counter 1 Stopped. Timer 0 Gating Control. Set by software to enable Timer/Counter 0 only while the INT0 pin is high and the TR0 control bit is set. Cleared by software to enable Timer 0 whenever the TR0 control bit is set. Timer 0 Timer or Counter Select Bit. Set by software to the select counter operation (input from T0 pin). Cleared by software to the select timer operation (input from internal system clock). Timer 0 Mode Select Bits M1 M0 Description 0 0 TH0 operates as an 8-bit timer/counter. TL0 serves as a 5-bit prescaler. 0 1 16-Bit Timer/Counter. TH0 and TL0 are cascaded; there is no prescaler. 1 0 8-Bit Autoreload Timer/Counter. TH0 holds a value that is to be reloaded into TL0 each time it overflows. 1 1 TL0 is an 8-bit timer/counter controlled by the standard Timer 0 control bits. TH0 is an 8-bit timer only, controlled by Timer 1 control bits.
3
Gate0
0
2
C_T0
0
1-0
T0_M1, T0_M0
00
Table 95. Timer/Counter 0 and 1 Control SFR (TCON, 0x88)
Bit Location 7 Bit Addr. 0x8F Bit Name TF1 Default Value 0 Description Timer 1 Overflow Flag. Set by hardware on a Timer/Counter 1 overflow. Cleared by hardware when the program counter (PC) vectors to the interrupt service routine. Timer 1 Run Control Bit. Set by the user to turn on Timer/Counter 1. Cleared by the user to turn off Timer/Counter 1. Timer 0 Overflow Flag. Set by hardware on a Timer/Counter 0 overflow. Cleared by hardware when the PC vectors to the interrupt service routine. Timer 0 Run Control Bit. Set by the user to turn on Timer/Counter 0. Cleared by the user to turn off Timer/Counter 0. External Interrupt 1 (INT1) Flag. Set by hardware by a falling edge or by a zero level applied to the external interrupt pin, INT1, depending on the state of Bit IT1. Cleared by hardware when the PC vectors to the interrupt service routine only if the interrupt was transition-activated. If level-activated, the external requesting source controls the request flag rather than the on-chip hardware. External Interrupt 1 (IE1) Trigger Type. Set by software to specify edge-sensitive detection, that is, 1-to-0 transition. Cleared by software to specify level-sensitive detection, that is, zero level. External Interrupt 0 (INT0) Flag. Set by hardware by a falling edge or by a zero level being applied to the external interrupt pin, INT0, depending on the statue of Bit IT0. Cleared by hardware when the PC vectors to the interrupt service routine only if the interrupt was transition-activated. If level-activated, the external requesting source controls the request flag rather than the on-chip hardware. External Interrupt 0 (IE0) Trigger Type. Set by software to specify edge-sensitive detection, that is, 1-to-0 transition. Cleared by software to specify level-sensitive detection, that is, zero level.
6
0x8E
TR1
0
5
0x8D
TF0
0
4
0x8C
TR0
0
3
0x8B
IE11
0
2
0x8A
IT11
0
1
0x89
IE01
0
0
0x88
IT01
0
__________________________________________
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Preliminary Technical Data
2
ADE7169F16
These bits are not used to control Timer/Counters 0 and 1, but are used instead to control and monitor the external INT0 and INT1 interrupt pins.
Table 96. Timer/Counter 2 Control SFR (T2CON, 0xC8)
Bit Location 7 Bit Addr. 0xCF Bit Name TF2 Default Value 0 Description Timer 2 Overflow Flag. Set by hardware on a Timer 2 overflow. TF2 cannot be set when either RCLK = 1 or TCLK = 1. Cleared by user software. Timer 2 External Flag. Set by hardware when either a capture or reload is caused by a negative transition on T2EX and EXEN2 = 1. Cleared by user software. Receive Clock Enable Bit. Set by the user to enable the serial port to use Timer 2 overflow pulses for its receive clock in serial port Modes 1 and 3. Cleared by the user to enable Timer 1 overflow to be used for the receive clock. Transmit Clock Enable Bit. Set by the user to enable the serial port to use Timer 2 overflow pulses for its transmit clock in serial port Modes 1 and 3. Cleared by the user to enable Timer 1 overflow to be used for the transmit clock. Timer 2 External Enable Flag. Set by the user to enable a capture or reload to occur as a result of a negative transition on T2EX if Timer 2 is not being used to clock the serial port. Cleared by the user for Timer 2 to ignore events at T2EX. Timer 2 Start/Stop Control Bit. Set by the user to start Timer 2. Cleared by the user to stop Timer 2. Timer 2 Timer or Counter Function Select Bit. Set by the user to select the counter function (input from external T2 pin). Cleared by the user to select the timer function (input from on-chip core clock). Timer 2 Capture/Reload Select Bit. Set by the user to enable captures on negative transitions at T2EX if EXEN2 = 1. Cleared by the user to enable autoreloads with Timer 2 overflows or negative transitions at T2EX when EXEN2 = 1. When either RCLK = 1 or TCLK = 1, this bit is ignored and the timer is forced to autoreload on Timer 2 overflow.
6
0xCE
EXF2
0
5
0xCD
RCLK
0
4
0xCC
TCLK
0
3
0xCB
EXEN2
0
2
0xCA
TR2
0
1
0xC9
CNT2
0
0
0xC8
CAP2
0
Table 97. Timer 0 High byte SFR (TH0, 0x8C)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic TH0 Default Value 0 Description Timer 0 Data high byte
Table 98. Timer 0 Low byte SFR (TL0, 0x8A)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic TL0 Default Value 0 Description Timer 0 Data high byte
Table 99. Timer 1 High byte SFR (TH1, 0x8D)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic TH1 Default Value 0 Description Timer 1 Data high byte
Table 100. Timer 1 Low byte SFR (TL1, 0x8B)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic TL1 Default Value 0 Description Timer 1 Data high byte
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Table 101. Timer 2 High byte SFR (TH2, 0xCD)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic TH2 Default Value 0 Description Timer 2 Data high byte
Preliminary Technical Data
Table 102. Timer 2 Low byte SFR (TL2, 0xCC)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic TL2 Default Value 0 Description Timer 2 Data high byte
Table 103. Timer 2 Reload/capture High byte SFR (RACP2H, 0xCB)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic TH2 Default Value 0 Description Timer 2 Reload/capture high byte
Table 104. Timer 2 Reload/capture Low byte SFR (RACP2L, 0xCA)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic TL2 Default Value 0 Description Timer 2 Reload/capture low byte
TIMER 0 AND TIMER 1
Timer/Counter 0 and 1 Data Registers
Each timer consists of two 8-bit registers: Timer 0 High byte SFR (TH0, 0x8C), Timer 0 Low byte SFR (TL0, 0x8A), Timer 1 High byte SFR (TH1, 0x8D) and Timer 1 Low byte SFR (TL1, 0x8B) These can be used as independent registers or combined into a single 16-bit register, depending on the timers' mode configuration - see Table 97 to Table 100.
Timer/Counter 0 and 1 Operating Modes
This section describes the operating modes for Timer/Counters 0 and 1. Unless otherwise noted, these modes of operation are the same for both Timer 0 and Timer 1. Mode 0 (13-Bit Timer/Counter) Mode 0 configures an 8-bit timer/counter. Figure 69 shows Mode 0 operation. Note that the divide-by-12 prescaler is not present on the single-cycle core.
FCORE
C/T = 0 TL0 TH0 (5 BITS) (8 BITS) C/T = 1 INTERRUPT TF0
As the count rolls over from all 1s to all 0s, it sets the timer overflow flag, TF0. TF0 can then be used to request an interrupt. The counted input is enabled to the timer when TR0 = 1 and either Gate = 0 or INT0 = 1. Setting Gate = 1 allows the timer to be controlled by external input INT0 to facilitate pulsewidth measurements. TR0 is a control bit in the Timer/Counter 0 and 1 Control SFR (TCON, 0x88); the Gate bit is in Timer/Counter 0 and 1 Mode SFR (TMOD, 0x89). The 13-bit register consists of all 8 bits of Timer 0 High byte SFR (TH0, 0x8C) and the lower 5 bits of Timer 0 Low byte SFR (TL0, 0x8A). The upper 3 bits of Timer 0 Low byte SFR (TL0, 0x8A) are indeterminate and should be ignored. Setting the run flag (TR0) does not clear the registers. Mode 1 (16-Bit Timer/Counter) Mode 1 is the same as Mode 0 except that the Mode 1 timer register runs with all 16 bits. Mode 1 is shown in Figure 70.
FCORE C/T = 0 TL0 TH0 (8 BITS) (8 BITS) C/T = 1 TF0 INTERRUPT
P0.6/T0 CONTROL
TR0
P0.6/T0 CONTROL
TR0
GATE
INT0
GATE INT0
04741-0-049
Figure 70. Timer/Counter 0, Mode 1
Figure 69. Timer/Counter 0, Mode 0
In this mode, the timer register is configured as a 13-bit register.
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04741-0-050
Preliminary Technical Data
Mode 2 (8-Bit Timer/Counter with Autoreload) Mode 2 configures the timer register as an 8-bit counter (TL0) with automatic reload as shown in Figure 71. Overflow from TL0 not only sets TF0, but also reloads TL0 with the contents of TH0, which is preset by software. The reload leaves TH0 unchanged.
FCORE C/T = 0 TL0 (8 BITS) C/T = 1 P0.6/T0 TF0 INTERRUPT
ADE7169F16
cycles) and takes over the use of TR1 and TF1 from Timer 1. Therefore, TH0 then controls the Timer 1 interrupt. Mode 3 is provided for applications requiring an extra 8-bit timer or counter. When Timer 0 is in Mode 3, Timer 1 can be turned on and off by switching it out of and into its own Mode 3, or it can still be used by the serial interface as a baud rate generator. In fact, it can be used in any application not requiring an interrupt from Timer 1 itself.
FCORE
CORE CLK/12
CONTROL
TR0
C/T = 0
TL0 (8 BITS) TF0
INTERRUPT
C/T = 1
GATE INT0 RELOAD TH0 (8 BITS)
P0.6/T0
04741-0-051
CONTROL TR0
Figure 71. Timer/Counter 0, Mode 2
GATE INT0
Mode 3 (Two 8-Bit Timer/Counters) Mode 3 has different effects on Timer 0 and Timer 1. Timer 1 in Mode 3 simply holds its count. The effect is the same as setting TR1 = 0. Timer 0 in Mode 3 establishes TL0 and TH0 as two separate counters. This configuration is shown in Figure 72. TL0 uses the Timer 0 control bits C/T, Gate, TR0, INT0, and TF0. TH0 is locked into a timer function (counting machine
FCORE/12
TH0 (8 BITS)
INTERRUPT TF1
04741-0-052
TR1
Figure 72. Timer/Counter 0, Mode 3
TIMER 2
Timer/Counter 2 Data Registers
Timer/Counter 2 also has two pairs of 8-bit data registers associated with it: Timer 2 High byte SFR (TH2, 0xCD), Timer 2 Low byte SFR (TL2, 0xCC), Timer 2 Reload/capture High byte SFR (RACP2H, 0xCB) and Timer 2 Reload/capture Low byte SFR (RACP2L, 0xCA). These are used as both timer data registers and as timer capture/reload registers - see Table 101 to Table 104.
16-Bit Autoreload Mode Autoreload mode has two options that are selected by bit EXEN2 in Timer/Counter 2 Control SFR (T2CON, 0xC8). If EXEN2 = 0, when Timer 2 rolls over, it not only sets TF2 but also causes the Timer 2 registers to be reloaded with the 16-bit value in registers Timer 2 Reload/capture High byte SFR (RACP2H, 0xCB) and Timer 2 Reload/capture Low byte SFR (RACP2L, 0xCA), which are preset by software. If EXEN2 = 1, Timer 2 still performs the above, but with the added feature that a 1-to-0 transition at external input T2EX also triggers the 16bit reload and sets EXF2. Autoreload mode is shown in Figure 73. 16-Bit Capture Mode Capture mode has two options that are selected by Bit EXEN2 in T2CON. If EXEN2 = 0, Timer 2 is a 16-bit timer or counter that, upon overflowing, sets bit TF2, the Timer 2 overflow bit, which can be used to generate an interrupt. If EXEN2 = 1, Timer 2 still performs the above, but a l-to-0 transition on external input T2EX causes the current value in the Timer 2 registers, TL2 and TH2, to be captured into registers RCAP2L and RCAP2H, respectively. In addition, the transition at T2EX causes bit EXF2 in T2CON to be set, and EXF2, like TF2, can generate an interrupt. Capture mode is shown in Figure 74. The
Timer/Counter 2 Operating Modes
The following sections describe the operating modes for Timer/Counter 2. The operating modes are selected by bits in the Timer/Counter 2 Control SFR (T2CON, 0xC8) as shown in Table 96 and Table 105. Table 105. T2CON Operating Modes
RCLK (or) TCLK 0 0 1 X CAP2 0 1 X X TR2 1 1 1 0 Mode 16-Bit Autoreload 16-Bit Capture Baud Rate Off
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ADE7169F16
baud rate generator mode is selected by RCLK = 1 and/or TCLK = 1. In either case, if Timer 2 is used to generate the baud rate, the TF2 interrupt flag does not occur. Therefore, Timer 2 interrupts do not occur, so they do not have to be disabled. In this mode,
FCORE
C/ T2 = 0
Preliminary Technical Data
the EXF2 flag can, however, still cause interrupts, which can be used as a third external interrupt. Baud rate generation is described as part of the UART serial port operation in UART serial interface section.
TL2 (8 BITS) P1.4/T2
C/ T2 = 1
TH2 (8 BITS)
CONTROL TR2 RELOAD TRANSITION DETECTOR RCAP2L RCAP2H TF2 TIMER INTERRUPT
P1.3/T2EX
EXF2
CONTROL EXEN2
04741-0-053
Figure 73. Timer/Counter 2, 16-Bit Autoreload Mode
FCORE
C/ T2 = 0 TL2 (8 BITS) TH2 (8 BITS) TF2
P1.4/T2
C/ T2 = 1 CONTROL TR2 CAPTURE TRANSITION DETECTOR RCAP2L RCAP2H TIMER INTERRUPT
P1.3/T2EX
EXF2
CONTROL EXEN2
Figure 74. Timer/Counter 2, 16-Bit Capture Mode
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04741-0-054
Preliminary Technical Data PLL
ADE7169F16
The ADE7169F16 is intended for use with a 32.768 kHz watch crystal. A PLL locks onto a multiple of this frequency to provide a stable 4.096 MHz clock for the system. The core can operate at this frequency or at binary submultiples of it to allow power saving when maximum core performance is not required. The default core clock is the PLL clock divided by 4 or 1.024 MHz. The ADE energy measurement clock is derived from the PLL clock and is maintained at 4.096/5 MHz, 819.2 kHz across all CD settings. The PLL is controlled by the CD[2:0] bits in the Power Control SFR (POWCON, 0xC5). To protect erroneous changes to the Power Control SFR (POWCON, 0xC5), a key is required to modify the register. First the POWCON Key SFR (KYREG, 0xC1) is written with the key, 0xA7, and then a new value is written to the Power Control SFR (POWCON, 0xC5). If the PLL loses lock, the MCU is reset and the PLLFAULT bit is set in the Peripheral Configuration SFR (PERIPH, 0xF4). Set the PLL_FLT_ACK bit in the Start ADC Measurement SFR (ADCGO, 0xD8) to acknowledge the PLL fault, clearing the PLLFAULT flag.
PLL SFR REGISTER LIST
Power Control SFR (POWCON, 0xC5)
Bit Location 7-5 4 3 2-0 Bit Mnemonic RESERVED COREOFF RESERVED CD[2:0] Default Value 0 0 010 Description
Set this bit to shut down the core if in the PSM1 operating mode. Controls the core clock frequency, Fcore. Fcore=4.096MHz/2CD CD[2:0] Fcore (MHz) 0 0 0 4.096 0 0 1 2.048 0 1 0 1.024 0 1 1 0.512 1 0 0 0.256 1 0 1 0.128 1 1 0 0.064 1 1 1 0.032
Table 106. POWCON Key SFR (KYREG, 0xC1)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic KYREG Default Value 0 Description Write 0xA7 to the KYREG SFR before writing the POWCON SFR, to unlock it.
Peripheral Configuration SFR (PERIPH, 0xF4)
Bit Location 7 6 Bit Mnemonic RXFLAG VSWSOURCE Default Value 0 1 Description If set, indicates that a RX Edge event triggered wakeup from PSM2 Indicates the power supply that is connected internally to VSW. 0 VSW=VBAT 1 VSW=VDD If set, indicates that VDD power supply is ok for operation If set, indicates that PLL is not locked
5 4 3 2
VDD_OK PLL_FLT RESERVED EXTREFEN
0 0
0
Set this bit if an external reference is connected to the REFIN pin.
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ADE7169F16
1-0 RXPROG[1:0] 00 Controls the function of the P1.0/RX pin. RXPROG [1:0] Function 0 0 GPIO 0 1 RX with wakeup disabled 1 1 RX with wakeup enabled
Preliminary Technical Data
Start ADC Measurement SFR (ADCGO, 0xD8)
Bit Location 7 6-3 2 1 0 Bit Addr. 0xDF 0xDE - 0xDB 0xDA 0xD9 0xD8 Bit Name PLL_FTL_ACK Reserved VSW_ADC_GO TEMP_ADC_GO BATT_ADC_GO Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 Description Set this bit to clear the PLL fault bit, PLL_FLT in the PERIPH register. A PLL fault is generated if a reset was caused because the PLL lost lock. Reserved Set this bit to initiate a supply voltage measurement. This bit will be cleared when the measurement request is received by the ADC. Set this bit to initiate a temperature measurement. This bit will be cleared when the measurement request is received by the ADC. Set this bit to initiate a battery measurement. This bit will be cleared when the measurement request is received by the ADC.
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Preliminary Technical Data RTC - REAL TIME CLOCK
ADE7169F16
The ADE7169F16 has an embedded Real Time Clock (RTC) - see Figure 75. The external 32.768 kHz crystal is used as the clock source for the RTC. Calibration is provided to compensate the nominal crystal frequency and for variations in the external crystal frequency over temperature. By default, the RTC is maintained active in all the Power Saving Modes. The RTC counters retain their values through watchdog resets and external resets and are only reset during a power on reset.
32.768kHz CRYSTAL RTCCOMP TEMPCAL
CALIBRATION CALIBRATED RTCEN 32.768kHz ITS1 ITS0
8-BIT PRESCALER
HUNDREDTHS COUNTER HTHSEC INTERVAL TIMEBASE SELECTION MUX ITEN
SECOND COUNTER SEC
MINUTE COUNTER MIN
HOUR COUNTER HOUR
MIDNIGHT EVENT
8-BIT INTERVAL COUNTER EQUAL? INTVAL SFR ALARM EVENT
Figure 75: RTC implementation
RTC SFR REGISTER LIST
SFR TIMECON HTHSEC SEC MIN HOUR INTVAL RTCCOMP Address 0xA1 0xA2 0xA3 0xA4 0xA5 0xA6 0xF6 Bit Addressable No No No No No No No Description RTC configuration Hundredth of a second counter Seconds counter Minutes counter Hours counter Alarm interval RTC nominal compensation
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ADE7169F16
TEMPCAL 0xF7 No RTC temperature compensation
Preliminary Technical Data
Table 107. RTC Configuration SFR (TIMECON, 0xA1)
Bit Location 7 Bit Mnemonic MIDNIGHT Default Value 0 Description Midnight Flag This bit is set when the RTC rolls over to 00:00:00:00. It can be cleared by the user to indicate that the midnight event has been serviced. In twentyfour hour mode, the midnight flag is raised once a day at midnight. Twenty-four hour mode 0 256 Hour mode. The HOUR register will roll over from 255 to 0. 1 24 Hour mode. The HOUR register will roll over from 23 to 0. Note: This bit is retained during a watchdog reset or an external reset. It is reset after a power on reset (POR). Interval Timer Timebase Selection ITS[1:0] Timebase 0 0 1/128 second 0 1 Second 1 0 Minute 1 1 Hour Interval Timer One-Time Alarm 0 The ALARM flag will be set after INTVAL counts and then another interval count will start. 1 The ALARM flag will be set after one time interval. Interval Timer Alarm Flag This bit is set when the configured time interval has elapsed. It can be cleared by the user to indicate that the alarm event has been serviced. Interval Timer Enable 0 The interval timer is disabled. The 8-bit interval timer counter is reset. 1 Set this bit to enable the interval timer. The RTCEN bit must also be set to enable the interval timer. RTC Enable. Also Temperature, Battery and Supply ADC Background Strobe Enable 0 The RTC and interval timer are disabled and the RTC registers are cleared. When this bit is clear, the background ADC strobe timer is disabled. 1 The RTC is enabled. The background ADC strobe timer is enabled. Note: This bit is retained during a watchdog reset or an external reset. It is reset after a power on reset (POR).
6
TFH
0
5-4
ITS[1:0]
0
3
SIT
0
2
ALARM
0
1
ITEN
0
0
RTCEN
1
Table 108. Hundredths of a Second Counter SFR (HTHSEC, 0xA2)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic HTHSEC Default Value 0 Description This counter updates every 1/128 second, referenced from the calibrated 32kHz clock. It overflows from 127 to 00, incrementing the seconds counter, SEC. Note: This register is retained during a watchdog reset or an external reset. It is reset after a power on reset (POR).
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Preliminary Technical Data
Table 109. Seconds Counter SFR (SEC, 0xA3)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic SEC Default Value 0 Description
ADE7169F16
This counter updates every second, referenced from the calibrated 32kHz clock. It overflows from 59 to 00, incrementing the minutes counter, MIN. Note: This register is retained during a watchdog reset or an external reset. It is reset after a power on reset (POR).
Table 110. Minutes Counter SFR (MIN, 0xA4)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic MIN Default Value 0 Description This counter updates every minute, referenced from the calibrated 32kHz clock. It overflows from 59 to 00, incrementing the hours counter, HOUR. Note: This register is retained during a watchdog reset or an external reset. It is reset after a power on reset (POR).
Table 111. Hours Counter SFR (HOUR, 0xA5)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic HOUR Default Value 0 Description This counter updates every hour, referenced from the calibrated 32kHz clock. If the TFH bit in the RTC Configuration SFR (TIMECON, 0xA1) is set, the HOUR SFR overflows from 23 to 00, setting the MIDNIGHT bit and creating a pending RTC interrupt. If the TFH bit in the RTC Configuration SFR (TIMECON, 0xA1) is clear, the HOUR SFR overflows from 255 to 00, setting the MIDNIGHT bit and creating a pending RTC interrupt. Note: This register is retained during a watchdog reset or an external reset. It is reset after a power on reset (POR).
Table 112. Alarm Interval SFR (INTVAL, 0xA6)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic INTVAL Default Value 0 Description The interval timer counts according to the timebase established in the ITS[1:0] bits of the RTC Configuration SFR (TIMECON, 0xA1). Once the number of counts is equal to INTVAL, the ALARM flag is set and a pending RTC interrupt is created. Note that the interval counter is 8-bits so it could count up to 255 seconds, for example.
Table 113. RTC Nominal Compensation SFR (RTCCOMP, 0xF6)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic RTCCOMP Default Value 0 Description The RTCCOMP SFR holds the nominal RTC compensation value at 25C. Note: This register is retained during a watchdog reset or an external reset. It is reset after a power on reset (POR).
Table 114. RTC Temperature Compensation SFR (TEMPCAL, 0xF7)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic TEMPCAL Default Value 0 Description The TEMPCAL SFR is adjusted based on the temerature read in the TEMPADC to calibrate the RTC over temperature. This allows the external crystal shift to be compensated over temperature.
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ADE7169F16
Preliminary Technical Data
Note: This register is retained during a watchdog reset or an external reset. It is reset after a power on reset (POR).
READ AND WRITE OPERATIONS
Writing the RTC Registers
The RTC circuitry runs off a 32.768 kHz clock. It takes up to two 32 kHz clock cycles from when the MCU writes an RTC register until it is successfully updated in the RTC.
The MIDNIGHT and ALARM flags are set when the midnight and alarm events occur, respectively. The user should manage these flags to keep track of which event caused an RTC interrupt by servicing the event and clearing the appropriate flag in the RTC ISR.
Reading the RTC Counter SFRs
The RTC cannot be stopped to read the current time because stopping the RTC would introduce an error in its timekeeping. So the RTC is read on the fly. Therefore the counter registers must be checked for overflow. This can be accomplished through the following 8052 assembly code: ReadAgain: MOV MOV MOV MOV MOV CJNE R0, HTHSEC R1, SEC R2, MIN R3, HOUR A, HTHSEC A, 00h, ReadAgain ; using Bank 0
Interval Timer Alarm
The RTC can be used as an interval timer. When the interval timer is enabled by setting the ITEN bit in the RTC Configuration SFR (TIMECON, 0xA1), the interval timer clock source selected by the ITS1 and ITS0 bits is passed through to an 8-bit counter. This counter increments on every interval timer clock pulse until the 8-bit counter is equal to the value in the Alarm Interval SFR (INTVAL, 0xA6). Then an alarm event is generated, setting the ALARM flag and creating a pending RTC interrupt. If the SIT bit in the RTC Configuration SFR (TIMECON, 0xA1) is clear then the 8-bit counter is cleared and starts counting again. If the SIT bit is set then the 8-bit counter is held in reset after the alarm occurs. The RTC alarm event will wake the 8052 MCU core if the MCU is in PSM2 when the alarm event occurs.
; 00h is R0 in Bank 0
RTC MODES
The RTC can be configured in a 24 hour mode or a 256 hour mode. A midnight event is generated when the RTC hour counter rolls over from 23 to 0 or 255 to 0, depending on whether the TFH bit is set in the RTC Configuration SFR (TIMECON, 0xA1). The midnight event sets the MIDNIGHT flag in the RTC Configuration SFR (TIMECON, 0xA1) and a pending RTC interrupt is created. The RTC midnight event will wake the 8052 MCU core if the MCU is asleep in PSM2 when the midnight event occurs. In the 24 hour mode, the midnight event is generated once a day, at midnight. The 24 hour mode is useful for updating a software calendar to keep track of the current day. The 256 hour mode will result in power savings during extended operation in PSM2 because the MCU core will be wpken less frequently.
RTC CALIBRATION
The RTC provides registers to calibrate the nominal external crystal frequency and its variation over temperature. Up to 248ppm frequency error can be calibrated out by the RTC circuitry, which adds or subtracts pulses from the external crystal signal. The nominal crystal frequency should be calibrated with the RTCCOMP register so that the clock going into the RTC is precisely 32.768 kHz at 25C. The RTC Temperature Compensation SFR (TEMPCAL, 0xF7) is used to compensate for the external crystal drift over temperature by adding or subtracting additional pulses based on temperature. The LSB of each RTC compensation register represents a 2ppm frequency error. The RTC compensation circuitry adds the RTC Temperature Compensation SFR (TEMPCAL, 0xF7) and the RTC Nominal Compensation SFR (RTCCOMP, 0xF6) to determine how much compensation is required and the sum of these two registers is limited to 248ppm. Calibration Flow: TBD During calibration, user software writes the RTC with the current time. The RTC should be stopped to perform this setup. The user should wait at least one 32 kHz clock period after clearing the RTCEN bit in the RTC Configuration SFR
RTC INTERRUPTS
The RTC Midnight and Alarm Interrupts are enabled by setting the ETI bit in the Interrupt Enable and Priority 2 SFR (IEIP2, 0xA9). When a midnight or alarm event occurs, a pending RTC interrupt is generated. If the RTC interrupt is enabled, the program will vector to the RTC interrupt address and the pending interrupt will be cleared. If the RTC interrupt is disabled, then the RTC interrupt will remain pending until the RTC interrupt is enabled. Then the program will vector to the RTC interrupt address.
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Preliminary Technical Data
(TIMECON, 0xA1) to ensure that the RTC is stopped before writing the counter registers. Then the RTC should be started again by setting the RTCEN bit. Note that it takes up to two 32 kHz clock periods to update the RTC counter SFRs. This can be accomplished using the following 8052 assembly code where the current time is held in R0 through R3. SetupRTC: MOV TIMECON,#040h ; stop the RTC ; wait at least one 32 kHz clock period (30.5us) MOV TCON, #03h ; TL0 is an 8-bit timer MOV TL0,#00h ; waits 62.5us at 4.096MHz CLR TF0 ; clear overflow flag SETB TR0 ; start Timer0 Timeout: JNZ TF0, Timeout MOV HTHSEC, R0 ; using Bank 0 MOV SEC, R1 MOV MIN, R2 MOV HOUR, R3 MOV TIMECON, #041h ; start the RTC
ADE7169F16
Rev. PrD | Page 115 of 140
ADE7169F16 UART SERIAL INTERFACE
The ADE7169F16 UART can be configured in one of four modes: - Shift register with baud rate fixed at Fcore/12 - 8-bit UART with variable baud rate - 9- bit UART with baud rate fixed at Fcore/64 or Fcore/32 - 9 bit UART with variable baud rate Variable baud rates are defined by using an internal timer to generate any rate between 300 and 115200 bauds/s. The UART serial interface provided in the ADE7169F16 is a full-duplex serial interface. It is also receive buffered, by storing the first received byte in a receive buffer until the reception of
Preliminary Technical Data
the second byte is complete. The physical interface to the UART is provided via the RxD (P1.0) and TxD (P1.1) pins, while the firmware interface is through the SFRs presented in Table 115. Both the serial port receive and transmit registers are accessed through the SBUF SFR (SFR address = 0x99). Writing to SBUF loads the transmit register, and reading SBUF accesses a physically separate receive register. An enhanced UART mode is offered by using UART Timer and providing enhanced frame error, break error and overwrite error detection. This mode is enabled by setting the EXTEN bit in the CFG SFR--see the UART additional features section. The SBAUDT and SBAUDF SFR are used to configure UART Timer and to indicate the enhanced UART errors.
UART SFR REGISTER LIST
Table 115. Serial port SFRs SFR SCON SBUF SBAUDT SBAUDF Address 0x98 0x99 0x9E 0x9D Bit Addressable Yes No No No Description Serial Communications Control register - see Table 116 Serial Port Buffer - see Table 117 Enhanced error checking - see Table 118 Enhanced Fractional Divider - see Table 119
Table 116. SCON SFR Bit Description SFR (SCON, 0x98) Bit Location 7-6 Bit Addr. 0x9F, 0x9E Bit Name SM0, SM1 Default Value 00 Description UART Serial Mode Select Bits. These bits select the serial port operating mode as follows: SM0 0 0 1 1 5 0x9D SM2 0 SM1 0 1 0 1 Selected Operating Mode. Mode 0: Shift register, fixed baud rate (Fcore/12). Mode 1: 8-bit UART, variable baud rate. Mode 2: 9-bit UART, fixed baud rate (Fcore/32) or (Fcore/16). Mode 3: 9-bit UART, variable baud rate.
Multiprocessor Communication Enable Bit. Enables multiprocessor communication in Modes 2 and 3 and framing error detection in Mode 1. In Mode 0, SM2 should be cleared. In Mode 1, if SM2 is set, RI is not activated if a valid stop bit was not received. If SM2 is cleared, RI is set as soon as the byte of data is received.
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Preliminary Technical Data
ADE7169F16
In Modes 2 or 3, if SM2 is set, RI is not activated if the received ninth data bit in RB8 is 0. If SM2 is cleared, RI is set as soon as the byte of data is received.
4
0x9C
REN
0
Serial Port Receive Enable Bit. Set by user software to enable serial port reception. Cleared by user software to disable serial port reception.
3
0x9B
TB8
0
Serial Port Transmit (Bit 9). The data loaded into TB8 is the ninth data bit transmitted in Modes 2 and 3.
2
0x9A
RB8
0
Serial Port Receiver Bit 9. The ninth data bit received in Modes 2 and 3 is latched into RB8. For Mode 1, the stop bit is latched into RB8.
1
0x99
TI
0
Serial Port Transmit Interrupt Flag. Set by hardware at the end of the eighth bit in Mode 0, or at the beginning of the stop bit in Modes 1, 2, and 3. TI must be cleared by user software.
0
0x98
RI
0
Serial Port Receive Interrupt Flag. Set by hardware at the end of the eighth bit in Mode 0, or halfway through the stop bit in Modes 1, 2, and 3. RI must be cleared by user software.
Table 117. Serial port Buffer SFR (SBUF, 0x99)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic SBUF Default Value 0 Description Serial port data buffer
Table 118. Enhanced Serial baud rate control SFR (SBAUDT, 0x9E)
Bit Location 7 Bit Mnemonic OWE Default Value 0 Description Overwrite Error. This bit is set when new data is received and RI=1. It indicates that SBUF was not read before the next character was transferred in, causing the prior SBUF data to be lost. Frame Error. This bit is set when the received frame did not have a valid stop bit. This bit is read only and updated every time a frame is received. Break Error. This bit is set whenever the receive data line (Rx) is low for longer than a full transmission frame, the time required for a start bit, 8 data bits, a parity bit and half a stop bit. This bit is updated every time a frame is received. Extended divider ratio for baud rate setting as shown in Table 120 Binary Divider DIV2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 DIV1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 DIV0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
6 5
FE BE
0 0
4-3 2, 1, 0
SBTH1, SBTH0 DIV2, DIV1, DIV0
0 0
Divide by 1. See Table 120. Divide by 2. See Table 120. Divide by 4. See Table 120. Divide by 8. See Table 120. Divide by 16. See Table 120. Divide by 32. See Table 120. Divide by 64. See Table 120. Divide by 128. See Table 120.
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ADE7169F16
Table 119. UART Timer Fractional Divider SFR (SBAUDF, 0x9D)
Bit Location 7 Bit Mnemonic UARTBAUDEN Default value 0
Preliminary Technical Data
6 5 4 3 2 1 0
---SBAUDF.5 SBAUDF.4 SBAUDF.3 SBAUDF.2 SBAUDF.1 SBAUDF.0
0 0 0 0 0 0
Description UART Baud Rate Enable Set to enable UART Timer to generate the baud rate. When set, PCON.7, T2CON.4, and T2CON.5 are ignored. Cleared to let the baud rate be generated as per a standard 8052. Not Implemented. Write Don't Care. UART Timer Fractional Divider Bit 5. UART Timer Fractional Divider Bit 4. UART Timer Fractional Divider Bit 3. UART Timer Fractional Divider Bit 2. UART Timer Fractional Divider Bit 1. UART Timer Fractional Divider Bit 0.
Table 120. Common Baud Rates Using UART Timer with a 4.096 MHz FLL Clock
Ideal Baud 115200 115200 57600 57600 38400 38400 38400 19200 19200 19200 19200 9600 9600 9600 9600 9600 4800 4800 4800 4800 4800 4800 2400 2400 2400 2400 2400 2400 2400 CD 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 SBTH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DIV 1 0 2 1 2 1 0 3 2 1 0 4 3 2 1 0 5 4 3 2 1 0 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SBAUDT 01H 00H 02H 01H 02H 01H 00H 03H 02H 01H 00H 04H 03H 02H 01H 00H 05H 04H 03H 02H 01H 00H 06H 05H 04H 03H 02H 01H 00H
Rev. PrD | Page 118 of 140
SBAUDF 87H 87H 87H 87H ABH ABH ABH ABH ABH ABH ABH ABH ABH ABH ABH ABH ABH ABH ABH ABH ABH ABH ABH ABH ABH ABH ABH ABH ABH
% Error + 0.16 + 0.16 + 0.16 + 0.16 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31
Preliminary Technical Data
300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 7 7 6 5 4 3 2 17H 0FH 07H 06H 05H 04H 03H 02H ABH ABH ABH ABH ABH ABH ABH ABH - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31 - 0.31
ADE7169F16
UART OPERATION MODES
Mode 0 (Shift Register with baud rate fixed at Fcore /12)
Mode 0 is selected when the SM0 and SM1 bits in the SCON SFR are clear. In this shift register mode, serial data enters and exits through RxD. TxD outputs the shift clock. The baud rate is fixed at Fcore/12. Eight data bits are transmitted or received. Transmission is initiated by any instruction that writes to SBUF. The data is shifted out of the RxD line. The 8 bits are transmitted with the least significant bit (LSB) first. Reception is initiated when the receive enable bit (REN) is 1 and the receive interrupt bit (RI) is 0. When RI is cleared, the data is clocked into the RxD line, and the clock pulses are output from the TxD line as shown in Figure 76.
04741-0-055
Figure 77. 8-Bit Variable Baud Rate
Reception is initiated when a 1-to-0 transition is detected on RxD. Assuming that a valid start bit is detected, character reception continues. The 8 data bits are clocked into the serial port shift register. All of the following conditions must be met at the time the final shift pulse is generated to receive a character:
*
If the extended UART is disabled (EXTEN=0 in the CFG SFR), RI must be zero to receive a character. This ensures that the data in SBUF will not be overwritten if the last received character has not been read. If frame error checking is enabled by setting SM2, the received stop bit must be set to receive a character. This ensures that every character received comes from a valid frame, with both a start and a stop bit)
RxD (DATA OUT) TxD (SHIFT CLOCK)
*
DATA BIT 0 DATA BIT 1 DATA BIT 6 DATA BIT 7
Figure 76. 8-Bit Shift Register Mode
Mode 1 (8-Bit UART, Variable Baud Rate)
Mode 1 is selected by clearing SM0 and setting SM1. Each data byte (LSB first) is preceded by a start bit (0) and followed by a stop bit (1). Therefore, each frame consists of 10 bits transmitted on TxD or received on RxD. The baud rate is set by a timer overflow rate. Timer 1 or Timer 2 can be used to generate baud rates or both timers can be used simultaneously where one generates the transmit rate and the other generates the receive rate. There is also a dedicated timer for baud rate generation, UART Timer, which has a fractional divisor to precisely generate any baud rate--see the UART Timer Generated Baud Rates section. Transmission is initiated by a write to SBUF. Next a stop bit (a 1) is loaded into the 9th bit position of the transmit shift register. The data is output bit-by-bit until the stop bit appears on TxD and the transmit interrupt flag (TI) is automatically set as shown in Figure 77.
START BIT TxD TI (SCON.1) SET INTERRUPT I.E., READY FOR MORE DATA STOP BIT D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7
If any of these conditions are not met, the received frame is irretrievably lost, and the receive interrupt flag, RI, is not set. If the received frame has met the above criteria, the following events occur:
* * *
The 8 bits in the receive shift register are latched into SBUF. The 9th bit (stop bit) is clocked into RB8 in SCON. The receiver interrupt flag (RI) is set.
Mode 2 (9- bit UART with baud fixed at Fcore/64 or Fcore/32)
Mode 2 is selected by setting SM0 and clearing SM1. In this mode, the UART operates in 9-bit mode with a fixed baud rate. The baud rate is fixed at Fcore/64 by default, although by setting the SMOD bit in PCON, the frequency can be doubled to Fcore/32. Eleven bits are transmitted or received: a start bit (0), 8 data bits, a programmable 9th bit, and a stop bit (1). The 9th bit is most often used as a parity bit or as part of a multiprocessor communication protocol, although it can be used for anything, including a ninth data bit if required. To use the 9th data bit as part of a communication protocol for a
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multiprocessor network such as RS-485, the 9th bit is set to indicate that the frame contains the address of the device that the master would like to communicate with. The devices on the network are always listening for a packet with the 9th bit set and are configured such that if the 9th bit is clear, the frame will not be valid and a receive interrupt will not be generated. If the 9th bit is set, all of the devices on the network will receive the address and get a receive character interrupt. The devices will examine the address and if it matches a device's preprogrammed address, the device will configure itself to listen to all incoming frames, even those with the 9th bit clear. Since the master has initiated communication with that device, all the following packets with the 9th bit clear are intended specifically for the addressed device until another packet with the 9th bit set is received. If the address does not match, the device will continue listening for address packets. To transmit, the 8 data bits must be written into SBUF. The ninth bit must be written to TB8 in SCON. When transmission is initiated, the 8 data bits from SBUF are loaded into the transmit shift register (LSB first). The 9th data bit, held in TB8, is loaded into the 9th bit position of the transmit shift register. The transmission starts at the next valid baud rate clock. The transmit interrupt flag, TI, is set as soon as the transmission has completed, when the stop bit appears on TxD. All of the following conditions must be met at the time the final shift pulse is generated to receive a character:
Preliminary Technical Data
or Timer 2 can be used to generate baud rates or both timers can be used simultaneously where one generates the transmit rate and the other generates the receive rate. There is also a dedicated timer for baud rate generation, UART Timer, which has a fractional divisor to precisely generate any baud rate--see the UART Timer Generated Baud Rates section. The operation of the 9-bit UART is the same as for Mode 2, but the baud rate can be varied. In all four modes, transmission is initiated by any instruction that uses SBUF as a destination register. Reception is initiated in Mode 0 when RI = 0 and REN = 1. Reception is initiated in the other modes by the incoming start bit if REN = 1.
UART BAUD RATE GENERATION
Mode 0 Baud Rate Generation
The baud rate in Mode 0 is fixed:
Fcore 12 Mode 2 Baud Rate Generation
Mode 0 Baud Rate = The baud rate in Mode 2 depends on the value of the SMOD bit in the PCON SFR. If SMOD = 0, the baud rate is 1/32 of the core clock. If SMOD = 1, the baud rate is 1/16 of the core clock: Mode 2 Baud Rate =
2 SMOD x Fcore 32
*
If the extended UART is disabled (EXTEN=0 in the CFG SFR), RI must be zero to receive a character. This ensures that the data in SBUF will not be overwritten if the last received character has not been read. If multiprocessor communication is enabled by setting SM2, the received 9th bit must be set to receive a character. This ensures that only frames with the 9th bit set, frames that contain addresses, generate a receive interrupt.
Modes 1 and 3 Baud Rate Generation
The baud rates in Modes 1 and 3 are determined by the overflow rate of the timer generating the baud rate: either Timer 1 or Timer 2 or the dedicated baud rate generator, UART Timer, which has an integer and fractional divisor.
*
Timer 1 Generated Baud Rates
When Timer 1 is used as the baud rate generator, the baud rates in Modes 1 and 3 are determined by the Timer 1 overflow rate and the value of SMOD as follows: Modes 1 and 3 Baud Rate =
2 SMOD x Timer 1 Overflow Rate 32
If any of these conditions are not met, the received frame is irretrievably lost, and the receive interrupt flag, RI, is not set. Reception for Mode 2 is similar to that of Mode 1. The 8 data bytes are input at RxD (LSB first) and loaded onto the receive shift register. If the received frame has met the above criteria, the following events occur:
* * *
The 8 bits in the receive shift register are latched into SBUF. The 9th data bit is latched into RB8 in SCON. The receiver interrupt flag (RI) is set.
The Timer 1 interrupt should be disabled in this application. The timer itself can be configured for either timer or counter operation, and in any of its three running modes. In the most typical application, it is configured for timer operation in autoreload mode (high nibble of TMOD = 0010 binary). In that case, the baud rate is given by the formula
SMOD Modes 1 and 3 Baud Rate = 2 x
32
Fcore (256 - TH 1)
Mode 3 (9-Bit UART with Variable Baud Rate)
Mode 3 is selected by setting both SM0 and SM1. In this mode, the 8051 UART serial port operates in 9-bit mode with a variable baud rate. The baud rate is set by a timer overflow rate. Timer 1
Timer 2 Generated Baud Rates
Baud rates can also be generated by using Timer 2. Using Timer 2 is similar to using Timer 1 in that the timer must overflow 16 times before a bit is transmitted or received. Because Timer 2 has a 16-bit autoreload mode, a wider range of baud rates is
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Preliminary Technical Data
possible. Modes 1 and 3 Baud Rate =
1 x Timer 2 Overflow Rate 16
ADE7169F16
and receive can be simultaneously different. Setting RCLK and/or TCLK puts Timer 2 into its baud rate generator mode as shown in Figure 78. In this case, the baud rate is given by the formula Modes 1 and 3 Baud Rate =
Fcore
Therefore, when Timer 2 is used to generate baud rates, the timer increments every two clock cycles rather than every core machine cycle as before. It increments six times faster than Timer 1, and, therefore, baud rates six times faster are possible. Because Timer 2 has 16-bit autoreload capability, very low baud rates are still possible. Timer 2 is selected as the baud rate generator by setting the TCLK and/or RCLK in T2CON. The baud rates for transmit
(16 x [65536 - (RCAP2 H : RCAP2 L )])
TIMER 1 OVERFLOW
2 0 FCORE CONTROL C/ T2 = 0 TL2 (8 BITS) T2 PIN C/ T2 = 1 1 TR2 NOTE: AVAILABILITY OF ADDITIONAL EXTERNAL INTERRUPT RCAP2L RCAP2H RELOAD 16 0 TCLK TX CLOCK TH2 (8 BITS) TIMER 2 OVERFLOW 1 0 RCLK 16 RX CLOCK 1 SMOD
T2EX PIN CONTROL EXEN2
EXF 2
TIMER 2 INTERRUPT
Figure 78. Timer 2, UART Baud Rates
UART Timer Generated Baud Rates
The high integer dividers in a UART block mean that high speed baud rates are not always possible. Also, generating baud rates requires the exclusive use of a timer, rendering it unusable for other applications when the UART is required. To address this problem, the ADE7169F16 has a dedicated baud rate timer (UART Timer) specifically for generating highly accurate baud rates. UART Timer can be used instead of Timer 1 or Timer 2 for generating very accurate high speed UART baud rates including 115200. UART Timer also allows a much wider range of baud rates to be obtained. In fact, every desired bit rate from 12 bps to 393216 bps can be generated to within an error of 0.8%. UART Timer also frees up the other three timers, allowing them to be used for different applications. A block diagram of UART Timer is shown in Figure 79.
FRACTIONAL DIVIDER
FCORE TIMER 1/TIMER 2 Tx CLOCK (1 + SBAUDF/64) TIMER 1/TIMER 2 Rx CLOCK 1 2 D IV+SBTH Rx CLOCK 32 1 UART Timer Rx/Tx CLOCK 0 UARTBAUDEN Tx CLOCK 0
Figure 79. UART Timer, UART Baud Rate
Two SFRs Enhanced Serial baud rate control SFR (SBAUDT, 0x9E) and UART Timer Fractional Divider SFR (SBAUDF, 0x9D) are used to control UART Timer. SBAUDT is the baud rate control SFR; it sets up the integer divider (DIV) and the extended divider (SBTH) for UART Timer.
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TRANSITION DETECTOR
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The appropriate value to write to the DIV[2:0] and SBTH[1:0] bits can be calculated using the following formula where Fcore is defined in POWCON SFR. Note that the DIV value must be rounded down to the nearest integer. DIV+ SBTH =
Fcore log 16 x Baud Rate log(2)
Preliminary Technical Data
bit UART through the SM2 and RB8 bits. Setting the SM2 bit prevent frames without a stop bit from being received. The stop bit is latched into the RB8 bit in the SCON register. This bit can be examined to determine if a valid frame was received. The 8052 does not however, provide frame error checking for a 9-bit UART. This enhanced error checking functionality is available through the frame error bit, FE in the SBAUDT SFR. The FE bit will be set on framing errors for both 8-bit and 9-bit UARTs.
RX START D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 STOP
SBAUDF is the fractional divider ratio required to achieve the required baud rate. The appropriate value for SBAUDF can be calculated with the following formula: SBAUDF =
RI
FE EXTEN=1
Figure 80: UART Timing in Mode 1
RX START D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 STOP
Fcore 64 16 2 DIV + SBTH x Baud Rate - 1
Note that SBAUDF should be rounded to the nearest integer. Once the values for DIV and SBAUDF are calculated, the actual baud rate can be calculated with the following formula: Actual Baud Rate =
RI
FE EXTEN=1
Figure 81: UART Timing in Modes 2 and 3
Fcore SBAUDF 16 2 DIV + SBTH 1 + 64
For example, to get a baud rate of 9600 while operating at a core clock frequency of 4.096 MHz, with the PLL CD bits equal to zero, DIV + SBTH = log(4096000/(16 x 9600))/log2 = 4.74 = 4 Note that the DIV result is rounded down. SBAUDF = 64*(4096000/(16*23*9600)-1) = 42.67 = 2BH Therefore, the actual baud rate is 9570 bps, which gives an error of 0.31%.
The 8052 standard UART does not provide break error detection. However for an 8-bit UART, it can be determined that a break error occurred if the received character is zero, a NUL character, and there was no stop bit because the RB8 bit is low. Break error detection is not possible for a 9-bit 8052 UART because the stop bit is not recorded. The ADE7169F16 enhanced break error detection is available through the BE bit in the SBAUDT SFR. The 8052 standard UART prevents overwrite errors by not allowing a character to be received if the RI, receive interrupt flag, is set. However, it does not indicate if a character has been lost because the RI bit was set when the frame was received. The enhanced UART overwrite error detection provides this information. When the enhanced 8052 UART is enabled, a frame will be received regardless of the state of the RI flag. If RI=1 when a new byte is received, the byte in SCON is overwritten, and the overwrite error flag will be set. The overwrite error flag will be cleared when SBUF is read. The extended UART is enabled by setting the EXTEN bit in the CFG SFR.
UART ADDITIONAL FEATURES
Enhanced Error Checking
The extended UART provides frame error, break error and overwrite error detection. Framing errors occur when a stop bit is not present at the end of the frame. A missing stop bit implies that the data in the frame may not have been received properly. Break error detection indicates if the Rx line has been low for longer than a 9-bit frame. It indicates that the data just received, a zero, or NUL character, is not valid because the master has disconnected. Overwrite error detection indicates if the received data isn't read fast enough and as result, a byte of data has been lost. The 8052 standard UART offers frame error checking for an 8-
UART TxD signal modulation
There is an internal 38 kHz signal which can be ORed with the UART transmit signal for use in remote control applications-- see the 38 kHz Modulation section. One of the events that can wake the MCU from sleep mode is activity on the UART RX pin--see the 3.3V Peripherals and Wakeup Events section.
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Preliminary Technical Data SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE INTERFACE (SPI)
The ADE7169F16 integrates a complete hardware serial peripheral interface on-chip. The SPI interface is full duplex so that eight bits of data are synchronously transmitted and received simultaneously. This SPI implementation is double buffered. This allows the user to read the last byte of received data while a new byte is shifted in. The next byte to be transmitted can be loaded while the current byte is shifted out.
ADE7169F16
The SPI port can be configured for Master or Slave operation. The physical interface to the SPI is done via MISO (P0.3), MOSI (P0.2), SCLK (P0.4) and SS (P0.5) pins, while the firmware interface is done via the SPI Configuration Register SFR
(SPIMOD1, 0xE8), SPI Configuration Register SFR (SPIMOD2, 0xE9), SPI Interrupt Status Register SFR (SPISTAT, 0xEA), SPI/I2C Transmit Buffer SFR (SPI2CTx, 0x9A) and SPI Receive Buffer SFR (SPI2CRx, 0x9B).
Note that the SPI pins are shared with the I2C pins. Therefore, the user can enable only one interface at a time. The SCPS bit in the CFG SFR selects which peripheral is active.
SPI SFR REGISTER LIST
SFR Address 0x9A 0x9B 0xE8 0xE9 0xEA Name SPI2CTx SPI2CRx SPIMOD1 SPIMOD2 SPI2CSTAT R/W W R R/W R/W R/W Length 8 8 8 8 8 Default Value 0 0x10 0 0 Description SPI Data out register SPI Data in register SPI configuration register SPI configuration register SPI/I2C Interrupt Status register
Table 121: SPI SFR register list
Table 122. SPI/I2C Transmit Buffer SFR (SPI2CTx, 0x9A)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic SPI2CTx Default Value 0 Description SPI or I2C transmit buffer When SPI2CTx SFR is written, its content is transfered to the transmit FIFO input. When a write is requested, the FIFO output is sent on the SPI or I2C bus.
Table 123. SPI Receive Buffer SFR (SPI2CRx, 0x9B)
Bit Location 7-0 Bit Mnemonic SPI2CRx Default Value 0 Description SPI or I2C receive buffer When SPI2CRx SFR is read, one byte from the Receive FIFO output is transfered to SPI2CRx SFR. A new data from the SPI or I2C bus is written to the FIFO input.
Table 124. SPI Configuration Register SFR (SPIMOD1, 0xE8)
Bit Location 7-5 5 Bit Addr. 0xEF - 0xEE 0xED Bit Name Reserved INTMOD Default Value 0 0 Description Reserved SPI Interrupt mode 0: SPI Interrupt set when SPI Rx buffer full 1: SPI interrupt set when SPI Tx buffer empty Master Mode: SS output control. See Figure 82. 0 1 The SS is held low while this bit is clear. This allows manual chip select control using the SS pin. Single Byte Read or Write: The SS will go low during a single byte transmission and then return high. Continuous Transfer: The SS will go low during the duration of the multibyte continuous transfer and then return high. 3 0xEB SSE 0 Slave Mode: SS input enable
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4
0xEC
AUTO_SS
1
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Preliminary Technical Data
When this bit is set to logic one, the SS pin is defined as the Slave Select input pin for the SPI slave interface Receive buffer overflow write enable 0 If the SPIRX SFR has not been read when a new data byte is received, the new byte will be discarded. 1 If the SPIRX SFR has not been read when a new data byte is received, the new byte will overwrite the old data. Master Mode: SPI SCLK frequency [1:0] 00 Fcore / 8 = 512kHz if Fcore = 4.096MHz 01 Fcore / 16 = 256kHz if Fcore = 4.096MHz 10 Fcore / 32 = 128kHz if Fcore = 4.096MHz 11 Fcore / 64 = 64kHz if Fcore = 4.096MHz
2
0xEA
RxOFW
0
1-0
0xE9 - 0xE8
SPIR[1:0]
0
Table 125. SPI Configuration Register SFR (SPIMOD2, 0xE9)
Bit Location 7 Bit Mnemonic SPICONT Default Value 0 Description Master Mode: SPI continuous transfer mode enable bit 0 The SPI interface will stop after one byte is transferred and SS will be deasserted. A new data transfer can be intiated after a stalled period. 1 The SPI interface will continue transferring data until no valid data is availbale in the SPITx SFR. SS will remain asserted until SPITx SFR and the transmit shift register is empty. SPI interface enable bit 0 The SPI interface is disabled. 1 The SPI interface is enabled SPI Open Drain Outputs configuration bit 0 Internal pull-up resistors are connected to the SPI outputs 1 4 SPIMS_b 0 The SPI outputs are open-drain and need external pull-up resistors
6
SPIEN
0
5
SPIODO
0
SPI Master Mode enable bit 0 1 The SPI interface is defined as a Slave The SPI interface is defined as a Master
3
SPICPOL
0
SPI clock polarity configuration bit - see Figure 84. The default state of SCLK is low and the first SCLK edge is rising. Depending on SPICPHA bit, the SPI data output changes state on the falling or rising edge of SCLK while the SPI data input is sampled on the rising or falling edge of SCLK. 1 The default state of SCLK is high and the first SCLK edge is falling. Depending on SPICPHA bit, the SPI data output changes state on the rising or falling edge of SCLK while the SPI data input is sampled on the falling or rising edge of SCLK. SPI clock phase configuration bit - see Figure 84. 0 The SPI data output changes state when SS goes low, at the second edge of SCLK and then every two subsequent edges while the SPI data input is sampled at the first SCLK edge and then every two subsequent edges. 1 The SPI data output changes state at the first edge of SCLK and then every two subsequent edges while the SPI data input is sampled at the second SCLK edge and then every two subsequent edges. Master Mode: LSB first configuration bit 0
2
SPICPHA
0
1
SPILSBF
0
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Preliminary Technical Data
0 1 0 TIMODE 0 The MSB of the SPI outputs is transmitted first The LSB of the SPI outputs is transmitted first
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Transfer and interrupt mode of the SPI interface. 0 Transfer is initiated when data is read from SPIRx SFR and an interrupt is generated when there is new data in the SPIRx SFR. 1 Transfer is initiated when data is written to the SPITx SFR and an interrupt is generated when the SPITx SFR is empty.
Table 126. SPI Interrupt Status Register SFR (SPISTAT, 0xEA)
Bit Location 7 Interrupt Flag BUSY Default Value 0 Description SPI Peripheral Busy Flag 0 The SPI peripheral is idle 1 The SPI peripheral is busy transferring data in slave or master mode. SPI Multi-Master Error Flag 0 A multiple master error has not occurred. 1 If the SS_EN bit is set, enabling the Slave Select input and the SS is asserted while the SPI peripheral is transferring data as a master, then this flag is raised to indicate the error. SPI Receive Overflow Error Flag. Reading the SPIRx SFR will clear this bit. SPIR TIMODE xOF 0 X The SPIRX register contains valid data This bit is set if the SPIRX register is not read before the end of the next byte transfer. If the RxOF_EN bit is set and this condition occurs, SPIRX will be overwritten. SPI Receive Mode Interrupt Flag. Reading the SPIRx SFR will clear this bit. SPIRxI TIMODE RQ 0 X The SPIRX register does not contain new data. 1 0 This bit is set when the SPIRX register contains new data. If the SPI/I2C interrupt is enabled, an interrupt will be generated when this bit is set. If the SPIRX register isn't read before the end of the current byte transfer, the transfer will stop and the SS will be deasserted. 1 1 The SPIRX register contains new data. Status bit for SPI Rx buffer. When set the Rx FIFO is full. A read of the SPIRx will clear this flag Status bit for SPI Tx buffer. When set the Tx FIFO is underflowing and data can be write into SPITx. A read of the SPISTAT SFR or a write to the SPITx SFR will clear this flag. SPI Transmit Mode Interrupt Flag. Writing new data to the SPITx SFR will clear this bit. SPITxIRQ TIMODE 0 X The SPITX register is full. 1 0 The SPITX register is empty. 1 1 This bit is set when the SPITX register is empty. If the SPI/I2C interrupt is enabled, an interrupt will be generated when this bit is set. If new data isn't written into the SPITX SFR before the end of the current byte transfer, the transfer will stop and the SS will be deasserted. 1 1
6
MMERR
0
5
SPIRxOF
0
4
SPIRxIRQ
0
3 2 1
SPIRxBF SPITxUF SPITxIRQ
0 0 0
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0 SPITxBF 0
Preliminary Technical Data
Status bit for SPI Tx buffer. When set, the SPI Tx buffer is full.
SPI PINS
MISO (Master In, Slave Out Data I/O Pin)
The MISO pin is configured as an input line in master mode and as an output line in slave mode. The MISO line on the master (data in) should be connected to the MISO line in the slave device (data out).The data is transferred as byte-wide (8bit) serial data, MSB first.
MOSI (Master Out, Slave In Pin)
The MOSI pin is configured as an output line in master mode and as an input line in slave mode. The MOSI line on the master (data out) should be connected to the MOSI line in the slave device (data in).The data is transferred as byte-wide (8bit) serial data, MSB first.
the data is concluded by deassertion of SS. In slave mode, SS is always an input. In SPI master mode, the SS can be used to control data transfer to a slave device. In the automatic slave select control mode, the SS is asserted low to select the slave device and then raised to deselect the slave device after the transfer is complete. Automatic slave select control is enabled by setting the AUTO_SS bit in the SPI Configuration Register SFR (SPIMOD1,
0xE8).
SCLK (Serial Clock I/O Pin)
The master serial clock (SCLK) is used to synchronize the data being transmitted and received through the MOSI and MISO data lines. The SCLK pin is configured as an output in master mode and as an input in slave mode. In master mode, the bit rate, polarity, and phase of the clock are controlled by the SPI Configuration Register SFR (SPIMOD1, 0xE8) and SPI Configuration Register SFR (SPIMOD2, 0xE9). In slave mode, the SPI Configuration Register SFR (SPIMOD2, 0xE9) must be configured with the phase and polarity of the expected input clock. In both master and slave modes, the data is transmitted on one edge of the SCLK signal and sampled on the other. It is important, therefore, that CPHA and CPOL are configured the same for the master and slave devices.
In a multi-master system, the SS can be configured as an input so that the SPI peripheral can operate as a slave in some situations and as a master in other situations. In this case, the slave selects for the slaves controlled by this SPI peripheral should be generated with general I/O pins.
SPI MASTER OPERATING MODES
The double buffered receive and transmit registers can be used to maximize the throughput of the SPI peripheral by continuously streaming out data in master mode. The continuous transmit mode is designed to use the full capacity of the SPI. In this mode, the master will transmit and receive data until the SPI/I2C Transmit Buffer SFR (SPI2CTx, 0x9A) register is empty at the start of a byte transfer. Continuous mode is enabled by setting the SPICONT bit in the SPI Configuration Register SFR (SPIMOD2, 0xE9).The SPI peripheral also offers a single byte read and a single byte write function. In master mode, the type of transfer is handled automatically depending on the configuration of bits 0 and 7 of the SPI Configuration Register SFR (SPIMOD2, 0xE9). Table 127 shows the sequence of events that should be performed for each master operating mode. Based on the SS configuration, some of these events will take place automatically.
SS (Slave Select Pin)
In SPI slave mode, a transfer is initiated by the assertion of SS low. The SPI port will then transmit and receive 8-bit data until
Table 127. Procedures for using SPI as a Master Mode SPIMOD[7] SPIMOD[0] Description of operation = TIMODE = SPICONT bit Single Byte Read 0 0 Step1: Read SPIRx SFR Step2: SS is asserted low and read routine is initiated Step 3: SPIRxIRQ Interrupt flag is set when the SPIRx SFR is full Step 4: SS is deasserted high Step 5: Read SPIRx SFR to clear SPIRxIRQ Interrupt flag Single Byte Write 0 1 Step 1: Write to SPITx SFR Step 2: SS is asserted low and write routine is initiated Step 3: SPITxIRQ Interrupt Flag is set when SPITx register is empty Step 4: SS is deasserted high Step 5: Write to SPITx SFR to clear SPITxIRQ Interrupt flag
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Preliminary Technical Data
Continuous 1 1 Step 1: Write to SPITx SFR Step 2: SS is asserted low and write routine is initiated
ADE7169F16
Step 3: Wait for SPITxIRQ Interrupt flag to write to SPITx SFR. Transfer will continue until the SPITX register and transmit shift registers are empty. Step 4: SPITxIRQ Interrupt Flag is set when SFRTx register is empty Step 5: SS is deasserted high Step 6: Write to SPITx SFR to clear SPITxIRQ Interrupt flag
Figure 82 shows the SPI output for certain automatic chip select
and continuous mode selections. Note that if the continuous mode is not used, a short delay is inserted between transfers.
SPI INTERRUPT AND STATUS FLAGS
The SPI interface has several status flags that indicate the status of the double buffered receive and transmit registers. Figure 83 shows when the status and interrupt flags are raised. The transmit interrupt occurs when the transmit shift register is loaded with the data in the SPI/I2C Transmit Buffer SFR (SPI2CTx, 0x9A) register. If the SPI master is in transmit operating mode and the SPI/I2C Transmit Buffer SFR (SPI2CTx, 0x9A) register has not been written with new data by the beginning of the next byte transfer, the transmit operation stops. When a new byte of data is received in the SPI Receive Buffer SFR (SPI2CRx, 0x9B) register, the SPI receive interrupt flag is raised. If the data in the SPI Receive Buffer SFR (SPI2CRx, 0x9B) register is not read before new data is ready to be loaded into the SPI Receive Buffer SFR (SPI2CRx, 0x9B), an overflow condition has occurred. This overflow condition, indicated by the SPIRxOF flag, will force the new data to be discarded or overwritten if the RxOF_EN bit is set.
SPITX SPITxIRQ=1 SPIRX SPIRxIRQ=1 RECEIVE SHIFT REGISTER
SS SCLK
AUTO_SS=1 SPICONT=1 DIN DIN1 DIN2
DOUT
DOUT1
DOUT2
SS SCLK
AUTO_SS=1 SPICONT=0 DIN DIN1 DIN2
DOUT
DOUT1
DOUT2
TRANSMIT SHIFT REGISTER
SS
SPITX (empty)
SCLK
SPIRX (full) SPIRxOF=1 RECEIVE SHIFT REGISTER
Stops Transfer if TIMODE=1 TRANSMIT SHIFT REGISTER
AUTO_SS=0 SPICONT=0 (manual SS control)
DIN
DIN1
DIN2
Figure 83: SPI Receive and Transmit Interrupt and Status Flags
DOUT DOUT1 DOUTz2
Figure 82: Automatic Chip Select and Continuous Mode Output
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ADE7169F16
SCLK (SPICPOL = 1) SCLK (SPICPOL = 0) SS_b
Preliminary Technical Data
MISO MOSI SPICPHA = 1 SPIRx1 and SPITx1 Flags SPIRx0 and SPITx0 Flags
? MSB BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1
LSB
? MSB BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1
LSB
MISO MOSI SPICPHA = 0 SPIRx1 and SPITx1 Flags SPIRx0 and SPITx0 Flags
MSB BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1
LSB ?
MSB BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1
LSB ?
Figure 84. SPI timing configurations
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Preliminary Technical Data I2C COMPATIBLE INTERFACE
The ADE7169F16 supports a fully licensed* I2C interface. The I2C interface is implemented as a full hardware master. SDATA is the data I/O pin, and SCLK is the serial clock. These two pins are shared with the MOSI and SCLK pins of the onchip SPI interface. Therefore, the user can enable only one interface or the other on these pins at any given time. The SCPS bit in the CFG SFR selects which peripheral is active. The two pins used for data transfer, SDA and SCL are configured in a Wired-AND format that allows arbitration in a multi-master system. The transfer sequence of a I2C system consists of a master device initiating a transfer by generating a START condition while the bus is idle. The master transmits the address of the slave device and the direction of the data transfer in the initial address transfer. If the slave acknowledges then the data transfer is initiated. This continues until the master issues a STOP condition and the bus becomes idle.
ADE7169F16
SERIAL CLOCK GENERATION
The I2C master in the system generates the serial clock for a transfer. The master channel can be configured to operate in Fast mode (256 kHz) or Standard mode (32 kHz). The bit-rate is defined in the I2CMODE SFR as follow :
f SCL =
SLAVE ADDRESSES
f core 16 x 2 SCLDIV [1:0 ]
The I2CADR SFR contains the slave device ID. The LSB of this register contains a read/write request. A write to this SFR will start the I2C communication.
I2C SFR REGISTER LIST
The I2C peripheral interface consists of five SFRs: I2CMOD SPI2CSTAT I2CADR SPI2CTx SPI2CRx.
As the SPI and I2C serial interfaces share the same pins, I2CMODE, SPI2CSTAT, SPI2CTx and SPI2CRx SFRs are also shared with SPIMODE1, SPI2CSTAT, SPITx and SPIRx SFRs respectively.
SFR Address 0x9A 0x9B 0xE8 0xE9 0xEA Name SPI2CTx SPI2CRx I2CMOD I2CADR SPI2CSTAT R/W W R R/W R/W R/W Length 8 8 8 8 8 Default Value 0 0 0 0 Description SPI Data out register SPI Data in register SPI configuration register SPI configuration register SPI/I2C Interrupt Status register
Table 128: SPI SFR register list
Table 129. I2C Mode Register SFR (I2CMOD, 0xE8)
Bit Location 7 Bit Addr. 0xEF Bit Name I2CEN Default Value 0 Description I2C enable bit When this bit is set to logic one, the I2C interface is enabled. A write to the I2CADR SFR will start a communication I2C SCLK frequency [1:0]
Rev. PrD | Page 129 of 140
6-5
0xEE - 0xED
I2CR[1:0]
0
ADE7169F16
Preliminary Technical Data
00 Fcore / 16 = 256kHz if Fcore = 4.096MHz 01 Fcore / 32 = 128kHz if Fcore = 4.096MHz 10 Fcore / 64 = 624Hz if Fcore = 4.096MHz 11 Fcore / 128= 32kHz if Fcore = 4.096MHz Configures the length of the I2C received FIFO buffer. The I2C peripheral will stop when I2CRCT[4:0] + 1 bytes have been read or if an error has occured
4-0
0xEC - oxE8
I2CRCT[4:0]
0
Table 130. I2C Slave Address SFR (I2CADR, 0xE9)
Bit Location 7-1 0 Bit Mnemonic I2CSLVADR I2CR_W Default Value 0 0 Description Address of the I2C slave being adressed Writing to this register start the I2C transmission (Read or write) Command bit for Read or Write When this bit is set to logic one, a read command will be transmitted on the I2C bus. Data from slave in SPI2CRx SFR is expected after command byte When this bit is set to logic zero, a write command will be transmitted on the I2C bus. Data to slave is expected in SPI2CTx SFR
Table 131. I2C Interrupt Status Register SFR (I2CSTAT, 0xEA)
Bit Location 7 6 Bit Mnemonic I2CBUSY I2CNOACK Default Value 0 0 Description This bit is set to logic one when the I2C interface is used. When set, the Tx FIFO is emptied I2C no acknlowledgement transmit interrupt This bit is set to logic one when the slave device did not send an acknlowledgement. The I2C communication is stopped after this event. Erased by clearing bit. I2C receive interrupt This bit is set to logic one when the receive FIFO is not empty This bit is cleared to logic zero by reading the SPI2CRx SFR and the FIFO is empty I2C transmit interrupt This bit is set to logic one when the transmit FIFO is empty This bit is cleared to logic zero by writing to the SPI2CTx SFR Status bit for 3 or 4 bytes deep I2C FIFO. The FIFO monitored in these 2 bits is the one currently used in I2C communication (Receive or Transmit) as only one of them is active at a time [1:0] 00 FIFO empty 01 Reserved 10 FIFO Half full 11 FIFO Full Set when trying to write and read at the same time Set when write was attempted when I2C transmit FIFO was full
5
I2CRxIRQ
0
4
I2CTxIRQ
0
3-2
I2CFIFOSTAT[1:0]
0
1 0
I2CACC_ERR I2CTxWR_ERR
0 0
An I2C interrupt occurs
*
Purchase of licensed I2C components of Analog Devices or one of its sublicensed Associated Companies conveys a license for the purchaser under the Philips I2C Patent Rights to use the ADE7XXX in an I2C system, provided that the system conforms to the I2C Standard Specification as defined by Philips.
READ AND WRITE OPERATIONS
Figure 85 and Figure 86 depict I2C read and write operations, respectively. Note that the LSB of the I2CADR register is used to select
Rev. PrD | Page 130 of 140
Preliminary Technical Data
ADE7169F16
whether a read or write operation is performed on the slave device. During the read operation, the master acknowledges are generated automatically by the I2C peripheral. The master generated NACK before the end of a read operation is also generated automatically after I2CRCT[4:0] bytes have been read from the slave. If the I2CADR register is updated during a transmission, instead of generating a STOP at the end of the read or write operation, the master will generate a START condition and continue with the next communication.
1 SCL
9
1
9
1
9
SDA START BY MASTER
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
R/W ACK BY SLAVE
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0 ACK BY MASTER
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0 NACK BY STOP BY MASTER MASTER
FRAME 1 SERIAL BUS ADDRESS BYTE
FRAME 2 DATA BYTE 1 FROM SLAVE
FRAME N+1 DATA BYTE N FROM SLAVE
Figure 85: I2C Read operation
1 SCL
9
1
9
SDA START BY MASTER
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
R/W ACK BY SLAVE
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0 ACK BY SLAVE STOP BY MASTER
FRAME 1 SERIAL BUS ADDRESS BYTE
FRAME 2 DATA BYTE 1 FROM MASTER
Figure 86: I2C Write operation
I2C RECEIVE AND TRANSMIT FIFOS
The I2C peripheral has a four byte receive FIFO and a four byte transmit FIFO. The buffers reduce the overhead associated with using the I2C peripheral. Figure 87 shows the operation of the I2C receive and transmit FIFOs. The TX FIFO can be loaded with four bytes to be transmitted to the slave at the beginning of a write operation. When the transmit FIFO is empty, the I2C transmit interrupt flag will be set and the PC will vector to the I2C interrupt vector if this interrupt is enabled. If a new byte is not loaded into the TX FIFO before it is needed in the transmit shift register, the communication will stop. An error such as not receiving an acknowledge will also cause the communication to terminate. In case of an error during a write operation, the TX FIFO will be flushed. The RX FIFO allows four bytes to be read in from the slave before the MCU has to read the data. A receive interrupt can be generated after each byte is received or when the RX FIFO is
full. If the peripheral is reading from a slave address, the communication will stop once the number of received bytes equals the number set in the I2CRCT[4:0] bits. An error such as not receiving an acknowledge will also cause the communication to terminate.
Code to fill TX FIFO: MOV MOV MOV MOV I2CTX, TXDATA1 I2CTX, TXDATA2 I2CTX, TXDATA3 I2CTX, TXDATA4 I2CTX Code to read RX FIFO: MOV MOV MOV MOV A, I2CRX A, I2CRX A, I2CRX A, I2CRX I2CRX ; Result: A=RXDATA1 ; Result: A=RXDATA2 ; Result: A=RXDATA3 ; Result: A=RXDATA4
TXDATA4 4 Byte FIFO TXDATA3 TXDATA2 TXDATA1 4 Byte FIFO
RXDATA1 RXDATA2 RXDATA3 RXDATA4
TRANSMIT SHIFT REGISTER
RECEIVE SHIFT REGISTER
Figure 87: I2C FIFO operation
Rev. PrD | Page 131 of 140
ADE7169F16 DUAL DATA POINTERS
The ADE7169F16 incorporates two data pointers. The second data pointer is a shadow data pointer and is selected via the data Table 132. Data Pointer Control SFR SFR (DPCON, 0xA7) Bit Location 7 6 Bit Mnemonic ---DPT Default Value 0 0 Description Not Implemented. Write Don't Care. Data Pointer Automatic Toggle Enable.
Preliminary Technical Data
pointer control SFR (DPCON). DPCON features automatic hardware post-increment and post-decrement as well as an automatic data pointer toggle.
Cleared by the user to disable auto swapping of the DPTR. Set in user software to enable automatic toggling of the DPTR after each MOVX or MOVC instruction. 5, 4 DP1m1, DP1m0 0 Shadow Data Pointer Mode. These bits enable extra modes of the shadow data pointer operation, allowing more compact and more efficient code size and execution. DP1m1 0 0 1 1 DP1m0 0 1 0 1 Behavior of the Shadow Data Pointer 8052 behavior. DPTR is post-incremented after a MOVX or a MOVC instruction. DPTR is post-decremented after a MOVX or MOVC instruction. DPTR LSB is toggled after a MOVX or MOVC instruction. (This instruction can be useful for moving 8-bit blocks to/from 16-bit devices.)
3, 2
DP0m1, DP0m0
0
Main Data Pointer Mode. These bits enable extra modes of the main data pointer operation, allowing more compact and more efficient code size and execution. DP0m1 0 0 1 1 DP0m0 0 1 0 1 Behavior of the Main Data Pointer 8052 behavior. DPTR is post-incremented after a MOVX or a MOVC instruction. DPTR is post-decremented after a MOVX or MOVC instruction. DPTR LSB is toggled after a MOVX or MOVC instruction. (This instruction is useful for moving 8-bit blocks to/from 16-bit devices.)
1 0
---DPSEL
0 0
Not Implemented. Write Don't Care. Data Pointer Select. Cleared by the user to select the main data pointer. This means that the contents of this 16bit register are placed into the DPL, and DPH SFRs. Set by the user to select the shadow data pointer. This means that the contents of a separate 16-bit register appear in the DPL, and DPH SFRs.
Note the following:
*
The Dual Data Pointer section is the only place in which main and shadow data pointers are distinguished.
Rev. PrD | Page 132 of 140
Preliminary Technical Data
Whenever the DPTR is mentioned elsewhere in this data sheet, active DPTR is implied.
ADE7169F16
*
Only the MOVC/MOVX @DPTR instructions automatically post-increment and post-decrement the DPTR. Other MOVC/MOVX instructions, such as MOVC PC or MOVC @Ri, do not cause the DPTR to automatically post-increment and post-decrement.
To illustrate the operation of DPCON, the following code copies 256 bytes of code memory at Address D000H into XRAM, starting from Address 0000H.
MOV DPTR,#0 MOV DPCON,#55H
;Main DPTR = 0 ;Select shadow DPTR ;DPTR1 increment mode ;DPTR0 increment mode ;DPTR auto toggling ON
MOV DPTR,#0D000H ;DPTR = D000H MOVELOOP: CLR A MOVC A,@A+DPTR ;Get data ;Post Inc DPTR ;Swap to Main DPTR(Data) MOVX @DPTR,A ;Put ACC in XRAM ;Increment main DPTR ;Swap Shadow DPTR(Code) MOV A, DPL JNZ MOVELOOP
Rev. PrD | Page 133 of 140
ADE7169F16 I/O PORTS
PARALLEL I/O
The ADE7169F16 uses three input/output ports to exchange data with external devices. In addition to performing generalpurpose I/O, some are capable of driving an LCD or performing other alternate functions for the peripheral functions available on-chip. In general, when a peripheral is enabled, the pins associated with it cannot be used as a general-purpose I/O. The I/O port can be configured through the SFRs in Table 133. Table 133. I/O port SFRs SFR P0 P1 P2 EPCFG PINMAP0 PINMAP1 PINMAP2 Address 0x80 0x90 0xA0 0x9F 0xB2 0xB3 0xB4 Bit Addressable Yes Yes Yes No No No No Description Port 0 register Port 1 register Port 2 register Extended Port Configuration Port 0 weak pull-up enable Port 1 weak pull-up enable Port 2 weak pull-up enable
Preliminary Technical Data
of the flip-flop is placed on the internal bus in response to a read latch signal from the CPU. The level of the port pin itself is placed on the internal bus in response to a read pin signal from the CPU. Some instructions that read a port activate the read latch signal, and others activate the read pin signal. See the Read-Modify-Write Instructions section for details.
Weak Internal Pullups Enabled
A pin with the weak internal pull-up enabled is used as an input by writing a 1 is written to the pin. The pin will be pulled high by the internal pull-ups and the pin will be read using the circuitry shown in Figure 88. If the pin is driven low externally, it will source current because of the internal pull-ups. If used as an output, a pin with an internal pull-up enabled, will be written with a 1 or a 0 to control the level of the output. If a 0 is written to the pin, it will drive a logic low output voltage (VOL) and is capable of sinking TBD mA.
Open Drain (Weak Internal Pull-ups Disabled)
When the weak internal pull-up on a pin is disabled, the pin becomes open drain. To use this open-drain pin as a high impedance input, a 1 is written to the pin. The pin will be read using the circuitry shown in Figure 88. The open drain option is preferable for inputs because it draws less current than the internal pull-ups were enabled. To use an open-drain pin as a general purpose output, an external pull-up resistor is required. Open drain outputs are convenient for changing the voltage to a logic high. The ADE7169F16 is a 3.3V device so an external resistor pulled up to 5V may ease interfacing to a 5V IC although most 5V ICs are tolerant of 3.3V inputs. Pins with 0s written to them drive a logic low output voltage (VOL) and are capable of sinking 1.6 mA.
The three bidirectional I/O ports have internal pull-ups that can be enabled or disabled individually for each pin. The internal pull-ups are enabled by default. Disabling an internal pull-up causes a pin to become open-drain. Weak internal pull-ups are configured through PINMAPx SFRs.
DVDD INTERNAL PULL-UP Closed: PINMAPx.x=0 Open: PINMAPx.x=1 Px.x PIN
38 kHz Modulation
The ADE7169F16 provides a 38 kHz modulation signal. The 38 kHz modulation is accomplished by internally XORing the level written to the MOD38 pin with a 38 kHz square wave. Then when a zero is written to the MOD38 pin, it is modulated as shown in Figure 89.
Level written to MOD38
READ LATCH
ALTERNATE OUTPUT FUNCTION
INTERNAL BUS WRITE TO LATCH
D
Q
38kHz Modulation Signal
CL Q LATCH
Output at MOD38 Pin
READ PIN
ALTERNATE INPUT FUNCTION
Figure 89: 38 kHz Modulation
Figure 88. Port 0 Bit Latch and I/O Buffer
Figure 88 shows a typical bit latch and I/O buffer for an I/O pin. The bit latch (one bit in the port's SFR) is represented as a Type D flip-flop, which clocks in a value from the internal bus in response to a write to latch signal from the CPU. The Q output
Uses for this 38 kHz modulation include IR modulation of a UART transmit signal or a low power signal to drive a LED. The modulation can be enabled or disabled with the MOD38EN bit in the CFG SFR. The 38 kHz modulation is available on eight pins, selected by the MOD38[7:0] bits in the Extended Port Configuration SFR (EPCFG, 0x9F).
Rev. PrD | Page 134 of 140
Preliminary Technical Data
I/O SFR REGISTER LIST
Table 134. Extended Port Configuration SFR (EPCFG, 0x9F)
Bit Location 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bit Mnemonic MOD38_FP21 MOD38_FP22 MOD38_FP23 MOD38_TxD MOD38_CF1 MOD38_SSb MOD38_MISO MOD38_CF2 Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Description Enable 38kHz modulation on P1.6/FP21 pin Enable 38kHz modulation on P1.5/FP22 pin Enable 38kHz modulation on P1.4/FP23/T2 pin Enable 38kHz modulation on P1.1/Tx pin Enable 38kHz modulation on P0.2/CF1 pin Enable 38kHz modulation on P0.7/SS/T1pin Enable 38kHz modulation on P0.5/MISO pin Enable 38kHz modulation on P0.3/CF2 pin
ADE7169F16
Table 135. Port 0 Weak pull-up enable SFR (PINMAP0, 0xB2)
Bit Location 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bit Mnemonic PINMAP0.7 PINMAP0.6 PINMAP0.5 PINMAP0.4 PINMAP0.3 PINMAP0.2 PINMAP0.1 PINMAP0.0 Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Description The weak pull-up on P0.7 is disabled when this bit is set The weak pull-up on P0.6 is disabled when this bit is set The weak pull-up on P0.5 is disabled when this bit is set The weak pull-up on P0.4 is disabled when this bit is set The weak pull-up on P0.3 is disabled when this bit is set The weak pull-up on P0.2 is disabled when this bit is set The weak pull-up on P0.1 is disabled when this bit is set The weak pull-up on P0.0 is disabled when this bit is set
Table 136. Port 1 Weak pull-up enable SFR (PINMAP1, 0xB3)
Bit Location 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bit Mnemonic PINMAP1.7 PINMAP1.6 PINMAP1.5 PINMAP1.4 PINMAP1.3 PINMAP1.2 PINMAP1.1 PINMAP1.0 Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Description The weak pull-up on P1.7 is disabled when this bit is set The weak pull-up on P1.6 is disabled when this bit is set The weak pull-up on P1.5 is disabled when this bit is set The weak pull-up on P1.4 is disabled when this bit is set The weak pull-up on P1.3 is disabled when this bit is set The weak pull-up on P1.2 is disabled when this bit is set The weak pull-up on P1.1 is disabled when this bit is set The weak pull-up on P1.0 is disabled when this bit is set
Table 137. Port 2 Weak pull-up enable SFR (PINMAP2, 0xB4)
Bit Location 7-6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bit Mnemonic Reserved PINMAP2.5 Reserved PINMAP2.3 PINMAP2.2 PINMAP2.1 PINMAP2.0 Default Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Description Reserved. Should be left cleared The weak pull-up on Reset is disabled when this bit is set The weak pull-up on EA is disabled when this bit is set Reserved. Should be left cleared The weak pull-up on P2.2 is disabled when this bit is set The weak pull-up on P2.1 is disabled when this bit is set The weak pull-up on P2.0 is disabled when this bit is set
Table 138. Port 0 SFR (P0, 0x80)
Note: When an alternate function is chosen for a pin of this port, the bit controlling this pin should always be set
Rev. PrD | Page 135 of 140
ADE7169F16
Bit Location 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bit Addr. 0x87 0x86 0x85 0x84 0x83 0x82 0x81 0x80 Bit Name T1 T0 Default Value 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Description
Preliminary Technical Data
This bit reflects the state of P0.7/SS/T1 pin. It can be written or read. This bit reflects the state of P0.6/SCLK/T0 pin. It can be written or read. This bit reflects the state of P0.5/MISO pin. It can be written or read. This bit reflects the state of P0.4/MOSI/SDATA pin. It can be written or read. This bit reflects the state of P0.3/CF2 pin. It can be written or read. This bit reflects the state of P0.2/CF1 pin. It can be written or read. This bit reflects the state of P0.1 pin. It can be written or read. This bit reflects the state of P0.0/INT1/BCTRL pin. It can be written or read.
CF2 CF1 INT1
Table 139. Port 1 SFR (P1, 0x90)
Note: When an alternate function is chosen for a pin of this port, the bit controlling this pin should always be set Bit Location Bit Bit Default Description Addr. Name value 7 0x97 1 This bit reflects the state of P1.7 pin. It can be written or read. 6 0x96 1 This bit reflects the state of P1.6 pin. It can be written or read. 5 0x95 1 This bit reflects the state of P1.5 pin. It can be written or read. 4 0x94 T2 1 This bit reflects the state of P1.4/T2 pin. It can be written or read. 3 0x93 T2EX 1 This bit reflects the state of P1.3/T2EX pin. It can be written or read. 2 0x92 1 This bit reflects the state of P1.2 pin. It can be written or read. 1 0x91 TxD 1 This bit reflects the state of P1.1/TxD pin. It can be written or read. 0 0x90 RxD 1 This bit reflects the state of P1.0/RxD pin. It can be written or read.
Table 140. Port 2 SFR (P2, 0xA0)
Note: When an alternate function is chosen for a pin of this port, the bit controlling this pin should always be set Bit Location Bit Bit Default Description Addr. Name Value 7-2 0x3F These bits are unused and should be left set 0x97 - 0x92 1 0x91 P2.1 1 This bit reflects the state of P2.1 pin. It can be written or read. 0 0x90 P2.0 1 This bit reflects the state of P2.0 pin. It can be written or read.
Table 141. Port 0 Alternate Functions
Pin No. P0.0 Alternate Function BCTRL external battery control input INT1 external interrupt INT1 wakeup from PSM2 operating mode P0.1 P0.2 P0.3 P0.4 FP19 LCD Segment Pin CF1 ADE Calibration Frequency output CF2 ADE Calibration Frequency output MOSI SPI Data line SDATA I2C Data line Alternate Function Enable Set INT1PROG[2:0]=X01 in the Interrupt pins configuration SFR (INTPR, 0xFF) Set EX1 in the Interrupt Enable SFR (IE, 0xA8). Set INT1PROG[2:0]=11X in the Interrupt pins configuration SFR (INTPR, 0xFF) Set FP19EN in the LCD Segment Enable 2 SFR (LCDSEGE2, 0xED) Clear the DISCF1 bit in the ADE energy measurement internal MODE1 register (0x0B) Clear the DISCF2 bit in the ADE energy measurement internal MODE1 register (0x0B) Set the SCPS bit in the CFG SFR and set the SPIEN bit in the SPI Configuration Register SFR (SPIMOD1, 0xE8). Clear the SCPS bit in the Configuration SFR (CFG, 0xAF) and set the I2CEN bit in the I2C Mode Register SFR (I2CMOD, 0xE8).
Rev. PrD | Page 136 of 140
Preliminary Technical Data
P0.5 MISO SPI Data line
ADE7169F16
Set the SCPS bit in the Configuration SFR (CFG, 0xAF) and set the SPIEN bit in the SPI Configuration Register SFR (SPIMOD2, 0xE9) Set the I2CEN bit in the I2CMOD SFR or the SPIEN bit in the SPI Configuration Register SFR (SPIMOD2, 0xE9) to enable the I2C or SPI interface Set the CNT0 bit in the Timer/Counter 0 and 1 Mode SFR (TMOD, 0x89) to enable T0 as an external event counter Set the SS_EN bit in the SPI Configuration Register SFR (SPIMOD1, 0xE8) Set the SPIMS_b bit in the SPI Configuration Register SFR (SPIMOD2, 0xE9) Set the CNT1 bit in the Timer/Counter 0 and 1 Mode SFR (TMOD, 0x89) to enable T1 as an external event counter
P0.6
SCLK serial clock for I2C or SPI
T0 Timer0 input P0.7 SS SPI slave select input for SPI in slave mode SS SPI slave select output for SPI in master mode T1 Timer 1 input
Table 142. Port 1 Alternate Functions
Pin No. P1.0 Alternate Function RxD Receiver Data Input for UART RX Edge wakeup from PSM2 operating mode P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 TxD Transmitter Data Output for UART FP25 LCD Segment Pin FP24 LCD Segment Pin T2EX Timer 2 control input FP23 LCD Segment Pin T2 Timer 2 input FP22 LCD Segment Pin FP21 LCD Segment Pin FP20 LCD Segment Pin Alternate Function Enable Set the REN bit in the SCON SFR Bit Description SFR (SCON, 0x98). Set RXPROG[1:0]=11 in the Peripheral Configuration SFR (PERIPH, 0xF4) Set FP25EN in the LCD Segment Enable SFR (LCDSEGE, 0x97) Set FP24EN in the LCD Segment Enable SFR (LCDSEGE, 0x97) Set EXEN2 in the Timer/Counter 2 Control SFR (T2CON, 0xC8) Set FP23EN in the LCD Segment Enable SFR (LCDSEGE, 0x97) Set the CNT2 bit in the Timer/Counter 2 Control SFR (T2CON, 0xC8) to enable T2 as an external event counter Set FP22EN in the LCD Segment Enable SFR (LCDSEGE, 0x97) Set FP21EN in the LCD Segment Enable SFR (LCDSEGE, 0x97) Set FP20EN in the LCD Segment Enable SFR (LCDSEGE, 0x97)
P1.5 P1.6 P1.7
Table 143. Port 2 Alternate Functions
Pin No. P2.0 P2.1 P2.2 P2.3 Alternate Function FP18 LCD Segment Pin FP17 LCD Segment Pin FP16 LCD Segment Pin SDEN Serial Download pin sampled on reset. P2.3 is an output only. Alternate Function Enable Set FP18EN in the LCD Segment Enable 2 SFR (LCDSEGE2, 0xED) Set FP17EN in the LCD Segment Enable 2 SFR (LCDSEGE2, 0xED) Set FP16EN in the LCD Segment Enable 2 SFR (LCDSEGE2, 0xED) Enabled by default.
PORT 0
Port 0 is controlled directly through the bit-addressable Port 0 SFR (80H). The weak internal pull-ups for Port 0 are configured through the Port 0 Weak pull-up enable SFR (PINMAP0, 0xB2); they are enabled by default. Disable the weak internal pull-up by writing a one to P0CFG..x. Port 0 pins also have various secondary functions as described in Table 141. The alternate functions of Port 0 pins can be activated only if
Rev. PrD | Page 137 of 140
ADE7169F16
the corresponding bit latch in the P0 SFR contains a 1. Otherwise, the port pin remains at 0.
Preliminary Technical Data
PORT 1
Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional port controlled directly through the bit-addressable Port 1 SFR (90H). The weak internal pull-ups for Port 1 are configured through the Port 1 Weak pull-up enable SFR (PINMAP1, 0xB3); they are enabled by default. Disable the weak internal pull-up by writing a one to P1CFG..x. Port 1 pins also have various secondary functions as described in Table 142. The alternate functions of Port 1 pins can be activated only if the corresponding bit latch in the P1 SFR contains a 1. Otherwise, the port pin remains at 0.
PORT 2
Port 2 is a 4-bit bidirectional port controlled directly through the bit-addressable Port 2 SFR (A0H). Note that P2.3 can be used as an output only. The weak internal pull-ups for Port 2 are configured through the Port 2 Weak pull-up enable SFR (PINMAP2, 0xB4); they are enabled by default. Disable the weak internal pull-up by writing a one to P2CFG..x. Port 2 pins also have various secondary functions as described in Table 143. The alternate functions of Port 2 pins can be activated only if the corresponding bit latch in the P2 SFR contains a 1. Otherwise, the port pin remains at 0.
Rev. PrD | Page 138 of 140
Preliminary Technical Data OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
ADE7169F16
Dimensions shown in millimeters
Rev. PrD | Page 139 of 140
ADE7169F16 ORDERING GUIDE
Table 144.
Model ADE7169ASTF16 ADE7169ASTZF16 ADE7169ASTF16-RL ADE7169ASTZF16-RL ADE7169ACPF16 ADE7169ACPZF16 ADE7169ACPF16-RL ADE7169ACPZF16-RL EVAL-ADE7169F16EB Package Description 64-Lead LQFP 64-Lead Lead Free LQFP 64-Lead LQFP in Reel 64-Lead Lead Free LQFP in Reel 64-Lead CSP 64-Lead Lead Free CSP 64-Lead CSP in Reel 64-Lead Lead Free CSP in Reel ADE7169 Evaluation Board Package Option* LQFP-64 LQFP-64 LQFP-64 LQFP-64 LFCSP-64 LFCSP-64 LFCSP-64 LFCSP-64
Preliminary Technical Data
Temperature Range -40C to +85C -40C to +85C -40C to +85C -40C to +85C -40C to +85C -40C to +85C -40C to +85C -40C to +85C -40C to +85C
(c) 2006 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. PR06353-0-9/06(PrD)
Rev. PrD | Page 140 of 140

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